なば

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Japanese

Etymology 1

Compound of な (na, the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of ぬ (nu, particle of perfect tense)) +‎ ば (ba, conditional suffix).[1][2]

First cited in the Man'yōshū of 759.[1]

Pronunciation

  • pitch accent depends on the verb to which this suffix attaches

Suffix

なば • (-naba) 

  1. (Classical Japanese) used for anticipating and assuming how something goes when the matter is completed
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 15, poem 3710:
      之保(しほ)非(ひ)奈婆(なば)　麻多(また)母(も)和礼(われ)許牟(こむ)　伊射(いざ)遊賀武(ゆかむ)　於伎都(おきつ)志保佐為(しほさゐ)　多可久(たかく)多知伎奴(たちきぬ) [Man'yōgana]
      潮(しほ)干(ひ)なば　またも我(われ)来(こ)む　いざ行(ゆ)かむ　沖(おき)つ潮騒(しほさゐ)　高(たか)く立(た)ち来(き)ぬ [Modern spelling]
      <Sipo pi₂naba mata mo₂ ware ko₂mu iza yukamu oki₁ tu siposawi takaku tatiki₁nu>
      → Shio hinaba mata mo ware komu iza yukamu oki tsu shiosai takaku tachikinu
      When the tide hath ebbed, I'll come here again; now 'tis time to go, offshore whitecaps have come arisen high.
  2. (Classical Japanese) used to state the speaker's expectation if something were the case certainly
    • 1739, Ishida Baigan (石田梅岩), Tohi Mondō (都鄙問答), book 2:
      心(こころ)だにまことの道(みち)にかなひなば祈(いの)らずとても神(かみ)や守(まも)らん
      kokoro dani makoto no michi ni kanainaba inorazu tote mo kami ya mamoran
      If at least thine heart hath agreed with the true path, then the god will protect thee even if thou prayest not.

Etymology 2

According to one theory, a shortening of 蘖(なばえ) (nabae, “a bud growing from a tree stump”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Cognate with Kunigami なばー (nabā, “mushroom”), Okinawan なーば (nāba, “mushroom”), Miyako なば (naba, “dirt, filth; scurf on body skin”), Yonaguni なば (naba, “mushroom”). Accentual comparison supports the reconstruction of Proto-Japonic *nampa (accent class 2.4a).

First cited to the Myōgoki of 1275.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

なば • (naba) 

  1. 茸: (dialectal, Chūgoku, Kyūshū, western part of Shikoku) mushroom
    Synonym: 茸 (kinoko)
    今晩(こんばん)、なば煮(に)ちゃろういね。
    Konban, naba nicharōine.
    Tonight, I'm a-goin' to boil mushrooms for ye. (Shimonoseki dialect)
    くそなば ― kusonaba ― (Hiroshima dialect): inedible mushrooms (literally, “shitty mushrooms”)
    • 1603, Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho) [Vocabulary of the Language of Japan] (in Portuguese), Nagasaki:
      [4]
      Naba. ナバ(なば). または, qinoco (茸). 茸. 下(X.)の語.
      Naba. Also kinoko. Mushroom. Used in Kyushu.
Derived terms
  • きなば (kinaba, “wood ear”, Kagoshima dialect)

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 “なば”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^ “なば”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Hirayama, Teruo (平山 照男), Ōshima Ichirō (大島 一郎), Ōno Masao (大野 眞男), Kuno Makoto (久野 眞), Kuno Mariko (久野 マリ子), Sugimura Takao (杉村 孝夫) (1992-1994) 現代日本語方言大辞典 [Dictionary of Japanese Dialects], Tokyo: Meiji Shoin (明治書院), page 1478
  4. ^ Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.
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