にわか

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Japanese

Alternative spellings
俄
俄か

Etymology

*/nipaka/ → /niɸaka/ → /niwaka/

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Man'yōshū of 759 CE.[1][2]

Appears to be composed of root niwa of uncertain derivation + adjective-forming suffix か (ka). Compare related ancient adverbial form 俄しく (niwashiku), comprising this same niwa element, suffixed instead with the しい (shii) adjective-forming suffix in the adverbial inflection.

Pronunciation

Adjective

にわか • (niwaka) ←にはか (nifaka)?-na (adnominal にわかな (niwaka na), adverbial にわかに (niwaka ni))

  1. sudden, abrupt, unexpected, improvised, offhand
    にわかには信(しん)じがたい
    niwaka ni wa shinjigatai
    difficult to immediately believe
  2. suddenly serious (said of an illness; most often in the construction にわかになる (niwaka ni naru))
  3. temporary, makeshift, impermanent, ad hoc

Inflection

Inflection of にわか
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) にわかだろ niwaka daro
Continuative (連用形) にわかで niwaka de
Terminal (終止形) にわかだ niwaka da
Attributive (連体形) にわかな niwaka na
Hypothetical (仮定形) にわかなら niwaka nara
Imperative (命令形) にわかであれ niwaka de are
Key constructions
Informal negative にわかではない
にわかじゃない 		niwaka de wa nai
niwaka ja nai
Informal past にわかだった niwaka datta
Informal negative past にわかではなかった
にわかじゃなかった 		niwaka de wa nakatta
niwaka ja nakatta
Formal にわかです niwaka desu
Formal negative にわかではありません
にわかじゃありません 		niwaka de wa arimasen
niwaka ja arimasen
Formal past にわかでした niwaka deshita
Formal negative past にわかではありませんでした
にわかじゃありませんでした 		niwaka de wa arimasen deshita
niwaka ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive にわかで niwaka de
Conditional にわかなら（ば） niwaka nara (ba)
Provisional にわかだったら niwaka dattara
Volitional にわかだろう niwaka darō
Adverbial にわかに niwaka ni
Degree にわかさ niwakasa
  • Although this is listed in Japanese dictionaries as a 形容動詞 (keiyō dōshi, “-na adjective”), use with the expected な (na) adnominal particle appears to be uncommon. When used attributively, this is much more commonly found with the genitive and possessive particle の (no), treating the term more as a noun.

Derived terms

Derived terms

Noun

にわか • (niwaka) ←にはか (nifaka)?

  1. Short for 俄狂言 (niwaka kyōgen, “a farce; an impromptu comic interlude during a Noh play”).
  2. (by extension) any impromptu joke, witticism, or pun
  3. Short for 俄ファン (niwaka fan, “(Internet slang) bandwagon fan”).
    • 2019 January 27, ねことうふ, “第24話 まひろと共通の話題”, in お兄ちゃんはおしまい！‎:
      「語(かた)れるヤツが居(い)てよかったよー　あ　シリーズだとどれが好(す)き？　やっぱVI(シックス)だよね〰」
      「え…シックス？　ごめん　やってない…」
      「何(なに)ぃ？ニワカめ〰〰」
      「だって生(う)まれる前(まえ)のやつだしなぁ…」
      “Katareru yatsu ga ite yokatta yō a shirīzu da to dore ga suki? Yappa shikkusu da yo ne~”
      “E…shikkusu? Gomen yattenai…”
      “Nanī? Niwaka-me~~”
      “Datte umareru mae no yatsu da shi nā…”
      "I'm just glad that there's someone I can talk to about it now / Oh, of the series, which one do you like? VI, right? Of course it's VI."
      "Um… six? Sorry; I haven't played that one."
      "Whaat? Ya casual~~"
      "Well, it is from before I was born, after all…"

See also

References

  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  4. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
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