ひろめる

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Japanese

Alternative spellings
広める
弘める
拡める

Etymology

From the classical lower bigrade verb (ラ行下二段活用) ひろむ (hiromu). Related to the adjective ひろい (hiroi, “wide, broad”), eventually from Proto-Japonic *pirə.

Ending める, originally む, may be related to the む seen in other verbalized adjectives, such as 悲しむ, 楽しむ, or 痛む, and also to the nominalizing suffix み.

Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru. For the Old / Classical form, see the ひろむ entry.

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「広める」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形) 		広める ひろめる
Imperative (命令形) 広めろ ひろめろ
Key constructions
Passive 広められる ひろめられる
Causative 広めさせる ひろめさせる
Potential 広められる ひろめられる
Volitional 広めよう ひろめよー
Negative 広めない ひろめない
Negative perfective 広めなかった ひろめなかった
Formal 広めます ひろめます
Perfective 広めた ひろめた
Conjunctive 広めて ひろめて
Hypothetical conditional 広めれば ひろめれば

Verb

ひろめる • (hiromeru) ichidan (stem ひろめ (hirome), past ひろめた (hirometa))

  1. to broaden; to widen
    • Tatoeba
      旅(りょ)行(こう)は人(ひと)の視(し)野(や)を広(ひろ)める。
      Ryokō wa hito no shiya o hiromeru.
      Travel broadens people's horizons.
  2. to spread; to disseminate
    • Tatoeba
      彼(かれ)らは（キリストの）福(ふく)音(いん)を全(ぜん)世(せ)界(かい)に広(ひろ)めた。
      karera wa (Kirisuto no) fukuin o zensekai ni hirometa.
      They spread the Gospel all over the world.

Usage notes

Common objects the verb takes: 教え (oshie, “(religious) teaching”), 見聞 (kenbun, “experience, knowledge”), 名 (na, “name, fame”), 信仰 (shinkō, “(religious) faith, belief”), 噂 (uwasa, “rumor”), 法 (hō, “dharma”), 知識 (chishiki, “knowledge”), 仏法 (buppō, “Buddhist teachings”).[2]

Conjugation

Conjugation of "ひろめる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") ひろめ hirome
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") ひろめ hirome
Shūshikei ("terminal") ひろめる hiromeru
Rentaikei ("attributive") ひろめる hiromeru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") ひろめれ hiromere
Meireikei ("imperative") ひろめよ¹
ひろめろ² 		hiromeyo¹
hiromero²
Key constructions
Passive ひろめられる hiromerareru
Causative ひろめさせる
ひろめさす 		hiromesaseru
hiromesasu
Potential ひろめられる
ひろめれる³ 		hiromerareru
hiromereru³
Volitional ひろめよう hiromeyō
Negative ひろめない
ひろめぬ
ひろめん 		hiromenai
hiromenu
hiromen
Negative continuative ひろめず hiromezu
Formal ひろめます hiromemasu
Perfective ひろめた hirometa
Conjunctive ひろめて hiromete
Hypothetical conditional ひろめれば hiromereba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NINJAL-LWP for BCCWJ
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