上下

Chinese

Pronunciation

Noun

上下

1. high and low
2. from top to bottom
3. up and down
4. old and young
5. relative superiority or inferiority

Synonyms

• (high and low): 高低 (gāodī), 高下 (gāoxià), (Hokkien) 懸低／悬低

Adverb

上下

1. (after round numbers) about; or so; thereabouts

Synonyms

Verb

上下

1. to go up and down

Derived terms

Descendants

Japanese

Etymology 1

Compound of 上(あ)がり (agari, “rising, going up”, the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 上(あ)がる (agaru, “to rise, to go up”)) + 下(お)り (ori, “descending, going down”, the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 下(お)りる (oriru, “to descend, to go down”)).

Alternative forms

• 上がり下り, 上がり降り

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) あがり​おり (Nakadaka – )
• IPA^(key):

Noun

上(あがり)下(おり) • (agariori) 

1. ascending and descending, ascent and descent

Verb

上(あがり)下(さがり)する • (agarisagari suru) suru (stem 上(あがり)下(さがり)し (agarisagari shi), past 上(あがり)下(さがり)した (agarisagari shita))

1. to ascend and descend, to go up and go down

Etymology 2

Compound of 上(あ)がり (agari, “rising, going up”, the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 上(あ)がる (agaru, “to rise, to go up”)) + 下(さ)がり (sagari, “coming down, hanging down”, the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 下(さ)がる (sagaru, “to come down, to hang down”)).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) あがり​さがり (Nakadaka – )
• (Tokyo) あがりさがり (Heiban – )
• IPA^(key):

Noun

上(あがり)下(さがり) • (agarisagari) 

1. rise and fall, fluctuation (as a level of something, such as a price)

Verb

上(あがり)下(さがり)する • (agarisagari suru) suru (stem 上(あがり)下(さがり)し (agarisagari shi), past 上(あがり)下(さがり)した (agarisagari shita))

1. to rise and fall, to fluctuate (as a level of something, such as a price)

Etymology 3

Compound of 上げ (age, “raising, lifting up”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 上げる ageru, “to raise something, to lift something up”) +‎ 下ろし (oroshi, “lowering, bringing down”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 下ろす orosu, “to lower something, to bring something down”).

Alternative forms

• 上げ下ろし, 揚げ卸し

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) あげおろし (Heiban – )
• IPA^(key):

Noun

上(あげ)下(おろし) • (ageoroshi) 

1. raising and lowering of something
2. loading and unloading (as of the cargo in a ship)
3. weaving on a loom (from the way the warp is raised and lowered)

Idioms

Etymology 4

Compound of 上げ (age, “raising, lifting up”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 上げる ageru, “to raise something, to lift something up”) +‎ 下だし (kudashi, “putting something down; passing something through one's gut”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 下す kudasu, “to put something down; to pass something through one's gut”).

Alternative forms

• 上げ下し

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) あげくだし (Heiban – )
• IPA^(key):

Noun

上(あげ)下(くだし) • (agekudashi) 

1. bringing something back up and passing something → vomiting and having diarrhea

Etymology 5

Compound of 上げ (age, “raising, lifting up”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 上げる ageru, “to raise something, to lift something up”) +‎ 下げ (sage, “lowering something, hanging something down”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 下げる sageru, “to lower something, to hang something down”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) あげ​さげ (Nakadaka – )
• IPA^(key):

Noun

上(あげ)下(さげ) • (agesage) 

1. raising and lowering of something
2. (more specifically) the raising and lowering of prices
3. praising and berating someone
4. good times and bad times, thick and thin, ups and downs
5. the start and finish of something (such as the process of setting a table for a meal, and then clearing up afterwards)
6. the ebb and flow of the tides

Idioms

Verb

上(あげ)下(さげ)する • (agesage suru) suru (stem 上(あげ)下(さげ)し (agesage shi), past 上(あげ)下(さげ)した (agesage shita))

1. to raise and lower something
2. (more specifically) to raise and lower prices
3. to praise and berate someone
4. to start and finish something (such as the process of setting a table for a meal, and then clearing up afterwards)
5. to ebb and flow, such as the tides

Etymology 6

Compound of 上 (ue, “up”) +‎ 下 (shita, “down”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) うえ​した (Nakadaka – )
• IPA^(key):

Noun

上(うえ)下(した) • (ueshita) ^{←うへした (ufesita)?}

1. up and down, the upper and the lower
2. the nobility and the commoners
3. (in reference to western-style clothing) upper clothing (such as shirts and jackets) and lower clothing (such as trousers and socks)
4. outerwear and underwear
5. upside-down

Idioms

Synonyms

• (upside-down): 逆様(さかさま) (sakasama)

Etymology 7

Compound of 上 (kami, “up, upper; first”) +‎ 下 (shimo, “down, lower; last”).

Pronunciation 1

• (Tokyo) か​みしも (Atamadaka – )
• IPA^(key):

Noun

上(かみ)下(しも) • (kamishimo) 

1. the upper and the lower
   1. (more specifically) upstream and downstream
   2. (more specifically) upstage and downstage
   3. (more specifically) high status and low status
   4. (more specifically) the city and the countryside
   5. (more specifically) the upper body and the lower body
   6. (more specifically) the first three lines and the last two lines of a traditional waka poem
   7. (more specifically) the first half the last half of a month
2. various things

Pronunciation 2

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

裃

Wikipedia ^ja

• (Tokyo) かみしも (Heiban – )
• IPA^(key):

Alternative forms

• 裃

Noun

上(かみ)下(しも) • (kamishimo) 

1. (traditional Japanese clothing) the robe and hakama as a set
2. (by extension) extreme formality

Etymology 8

Compound of 上り (kari, “rising in tone”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 上る karu, “to rise in tone”) +‎ 下り (meri, “falling in tone”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 下る meru, “to fall in tone”).

Alternative forms

• 上り下り, 甲乙

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) かりめり (Heiban – )
• IPA^(key):

Noun

上(かり)下(めり) • (karimeri) 

1. (music) a rise in tone and a fall in tone

Verb

上(かり)下(めり)する • (karimeri suru) suru (stem 上(かり)下(めり)し (karimeri shi), past 上(かり)下(めり)した (karimeri shita))

1. (music) to rise and fall in tone

Etymology 9

/ɕauka/ → /ɕɔːka/ → /ɕoːka/

From Middle Chinese compound 上下 (dzyang^H hæ^X, literally “up and down”). Compare modern Cantonese reading soeng⁶ haa⁶ or Hakka song-ha.

The kan'on, so likely a later borrowing.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) しょ​ーか (Atamadaka – )
• IPA^(key):

Noun

上(しょう)下(か) • (shōka) ^{←しやうか (syauka)?}

1. up and down
2. the upper and the lower (especially, the rulers and the ruled)
3. rising and falling
4. an exchange of opinions

Verb

上(しょう)下(か)する • (shōka suru) ^{←しやうか (syauka)?}suru (stem 上(しょう)下(か)し (shōka shi), past 上(しょう)下(か)した (shōka shita))

1. to rise and fall
2. to exchange opinions

Etymology 10

/d͡ʑauka/ → /d͡ʑɔːka/ → /d͡ʑoːka/

From Middle Chinese compound 上下 (dzyang^H hæ^X, literally “up and down”). Compare modern Min Nan alternative reading chiūⁿ hā.

A mixed reading, using the goon of jō and the kan'on of ka.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) じょ​ーか (Atamadaka – )
• IPA^(key):

Noun

上(じょう)下(か) • (jōka) ^{←じやうか (zyauka)?}

1. up and down
2. high grade and low grade
3. the upper and lower houses of the Diet or parliament
4. ascending and descending, climbing up and climbing down

Verb

上(じょう)下(か)する • (jōka suru) ^{←じやうか (zyauka)?}suru (stem 上(じょう)下(か)し (jōka shi), past 上(じょう)下(か)した (jōka shita))

1. to ascend and descend, to climb up and climb down

Etymology 11

/d͡ʑauɡe/ → /d͡ʑɔːɡe/ → /d͡ʑoːɡe/

From Middle Chinese compound 上下 (dzyang^H hæ^X, literally “up and down”). Compare modern Cantonese reading soeng⁶ haa⁶, Hakka song-ha, or Min Nan alternative reading chiūⁿ hā.

The goon reading, so likely the initial borrowing.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) じょ​ーげ (Atamadaka – )
• IPA^(key):

Noun

上(じょう)下(げ) • (jōge) ^{←じやうげ (zyauge)?}

1. the high and the low, the upper and the lower
2. (clothing) a suit, a set of clothing consisting of garments for the upper and lower body
3. rising and falling, ascent and descent
4. the city and the country (the city is considered “up”)
5. north and south (north is considered “up”)
6. volumes one and two of a two-volume book or other document
7. roundtrip travel on a river, going both upstream and downstream
8. high rank and low rank
9. the nobility and the commoners
10. the lord and the ministers
11. the old and the young
12. an exchange of words, a discussion, question and answer

Synonyms

• (high and low): 高低(こうてい) (kōtei)
• (high and low in a rank; nobility and commoners): 貴賎(きせん) (kisen)
• (rise and fall): 起伏(きふく) (kifuku)
• (old and young): 老少(ろうしょう) (rōshō), 長幼(ちょうよう) (chōyō)

Derived terms

Verb

上(じょう)下(げ)する • (jōge suru) ^{←じやうげ (zyauge)?}suru (stem 上(じょう)下(げ)し (jōge shi), past 上(じょう)下(げ)した (jōge shita))

1. to rise and fall, to ascend and descend
2. to travel roundtrip on a river, going both upstream and downstream
3. to exchange words, to discuss, to question and answer

Etymology 12

Compound of 上ぼり (nobori, “climbing, going up”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 上る noboru, “to climb, to go up”) +‎ 下り (ori, “descending, going down”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 下りる oriru, “to descend, to go down”).

Alternative forms

• 上ぼり下り, 上り下り

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) のぼり​おり (Nakadaka – )
• IPA^(key):

Noun

上(のぼり)下(おり) • (noboriori) 

1. ascending and descending, climbing and coming back down (particularly as of a person or thing travelling or moving up and down, such as stairs or levels)

Verb

上(のぼり)下(おり)する • (noboriori suru) suru (stem 上(のぼり)下(おり)し (noboriori shi), past 上(のぼり)下(おり)した (noboriori shita))

1. to ascend and descend, to climb and come back down (particularly as of a person or thing travelling or moving up and down, such as stairs or levels)

Etymology 13

Compound of 上ぼり (nobori, “climbing, going up”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 上る noboru, “to climb, to go up”) +‎ 下り (kudari, “descending, coming down”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 下る kudaru, “to descend a path, to come down a path”).

Alternative forms

• 上り下り

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) のぼりくだり (Heiban – )
• (Tokyo) のぼり​くだり (Nakadaka – )
• IPA^(key):

Noun

上(のぼり)下(くだり) • (noborikudari) 

1. climbing up and climbing down (particularly as of a person or path travelling or moving up and down, such as a road going uphill and downhill in the mountains)
2. going upstream and downstream (such as on a river, or on a highway with “up” indicating towards a city)

Verb

上(のぼり)下(くだり)する • (noborikudari suru) suru (stem 上(のぼり)下(くだり)し (noborikudari shi), past 上(のぼり)下(くだり)した (noborikudari shita))

1. to climb up and climb down
2. to go upstream and downstream (such as on a river, or on a highway with “up” indicating towards a city)

References