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不幸. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
不幸, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
不幸 in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
不幸 you have here. The definition of the word
不幸 will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
不幸, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
Chinese
Pronunciation
| Rime
|
| Character
|
不
|
不
|
不
|
幸
|
| Reading #
|
1/3
|
2/3
|
3/3
|
1/1
|
| Initial (聲)
|
幫 (1)
|
幫 (1)
|
幫 (1)
|
匣 (33)
|
| Final (韻)
|
尤 (136)
|
尤 (136)
|
文 (60)
|
耕 (117)
|
| Tone (調)
|
Level (Ø)
|
Rising (X)
|
Checked (Ø)
|
Rising (X)
|
| Openness (開合)
|
Open
|
Open
|
Closed
|
Open
|
| Division (等)
|
III
|
III
|
III
|
II
|
| Fanqie
|
甫鳩切
|
方久切
|
分勿切
|
胡耿切
|
| Baxter
|
pjuw
|
pjuwX
|
pjut
|
heangX
|
| Reconstructions
|
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
|
/pɨu/
|
/pɨuX/
|
/pɨut̚/
|
/ɦˠɛŋX/
|
Pan
Wuyun
|
/piu/
|
/piuX/
|
/piut̚/
|
/ɦᵚæŋX/
|
Shao
Rongfen
|
/piəu/
|
/piəuX/
|
/piuət̚/
|
/ɣɐŋX/
|
Edwin
Pulleyblank
|
/puw/
|
/puwX/
|
/put̚/
|
/ɦəɨjŋX/
|
Li
Rong
|
/piu/
|
/piuX/
|
/piuət̚/
|
/ɣɛŋX/
|
Wang
Li
|
/pĭəu/
|
/pĭəuX/
|
/pĭuət̚/
|
/ɣæŋX/
|
Bernard
Karlgren
|
/pi̯ə̯u/
|
/pi̯ə̯uX/
|
/pi̯uət̚/
|
/ɣæŋX/
|
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
|
fōu
|
fǒu
|
fu
|
hèng
|
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
|
fau1
|
fau2
|
fat1
|
hang6
|
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
|
| Character
|
不
|
不
|
幸
|
| Reading #
|
1/2
|
2/2
|
1/1
|
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
|
bù
|
bù
|
xìng
|
Middle
Chinese
|
‹ pjuw ›
|
‹ pjuw ›
|
‹ hɛngX ›
|
Old
Chinese
|
/*pə/
|
/*pə/
|
/*ˁreŋʔ/
|
| English
|
not
|
不律 writing brush (pron. in Wú 吳 ap. Shuōwén; E. Hàn)
|
fortunate
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003)
|
| Character
|
不
|
不
|
不
|
幸
|
| Reading #
|
1/3
|
2/3
|
3/3
|
1/1
|
| No.
|
1025
|
1029
|
1048
|
13881
|
Phonetic
component
|
不
|
不
|
不
|
幸
|
Rime
group
|
之
|
之
|
物
|
耕
|
Rime
subdivision
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
Corresponding
MC rime
|
不
|
缶
|
弗
|
幸
|
Old
Chinese
|
/*pɯ/
|
/*pɯʔ/
|
/*pɯ'/
|
/*ɡreːŋʔ/
|
| Notes
|
|
象花柎與本同源
|
中古才促化
|
|
Adjective
不幸
- unfortunate; sad
Synonyms
- 倒運／倒运 (dǎoyùn)
- 倒霉 (dǎoméi)
- 悲催 (bēicuī) (neologism, jocular)
- 敗興／败兴 (bàixìng) (regional)
- 晦氣／晦气 (huìqì)
- 背時／背时 (bèishí)
- 背興／背兴 (bèixìng) (regional)
Adverb
不幸
- unfortunately; sadly
Synonyms
- 不巧 (bùqiǎo)
- (Cantonese) 弊在
Noun
不幸
- (countable, uncountable) misfortune; adversity; sadness (Classifier: 個／个 m)
Verb
不幸
- (Classical, euphemistic) to die
Synonyms
- 下世 (xiàshì) (formal)
- 上天 (shàngtiān) (euphemistic)
- 上路 (shànglù) (euphemistic)
- 不在 (bùzài) (euphemistic)
- 不祿／不禄 (bùlù) (archaic, euphemistic, of military officers)
- 亡
- 亡故 (wánggù) (literary)
- 仙逝 (xiānshì) (euphemistic)
- 仙遊／仙游 (xiānyóu) (euphemistic)
- 作古 (zuògǔ) (literary, euphemistic)
- 做鬼 (zuòguǐ) (colloquial)
- 傾世／倾世 (qīngshì) (literary)
- 傾亡／倾亡 (qīngwáng) (literary)
- 入寂 (rùjì) (Buddhism, of Buddhist monks)
- 凋謝／凋谢 (diāoxiè) (to die of old age)
- 化去 (huàqù) (euphemistic)
- 升天 (shēngtiān) (euphemistic)
- 即世 (jíshì) (literary)
- 去世 (qùshì)
- 合眼 (héyǎn) (euphemistic)
- 喪亡／丧亡 (sàngwáng) (literary)
- 喪命／丧命 (sàngmìng) (euphemistic)
- 喪生／丧生 (sàngshēng) (euphemistic)
- 嗚呼／呜呼 (wūhū) (euphemistic)
- 嗝屁 (gěpì) (Mandarin, vulgar, derogatory)
- 嚥氣／咽气 (yànqì) (colloquial)
- 回老家 (huí lǎojiā) (euphemistic, humorous)
- 圓寂／圆寂 (yuánjì) (of Buddhist monks or nuns)
- 壽終正寢／寿终正寝 (shòuzhōngzhèngqǐn) (euphemistic)
- 安息 (ānxī) (euphemistic)
- 安眠 (ānmián) (euphemistic)
- 小喇叭兒吹了／小喇叭儿吹了 (xiǎo lǎbār chuī le) (Beijing Mandarin)
- 就義／就义 (jiùyì) (to die a martyr)
- 崩 (bēng) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
- 崩殂 (bēngcú) (Classical, of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
- 彈老三／弹老三 (Northern Wu, informal, humorous)
- 往生 (wǎngshēng) (euphemistic)
- 忽然 (hūrán) (Classical Chinese, euphemistic)
- 掛／挂 (guà) (slang, humorous)
- 故 (gù)
- 故世 (gùshì) (euphemistic, chiefly of one's elders)
- 故去 (gùqù) (euphemistic, chiefly of one's elders)
- 斃命／毙命 (bìmìng) (pejorative)
- 早死 (zǎosǐ)
- 晏駕／晏驾 (yànjià) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
- 枯死 (kūsǐ) (literary, figurative)
- 棄世／弃世 (qìshì) (literary)
- 歸天／归天 (guītiān) (euphemistic)
- 歸西／归西 (guīxī) (euphemistic)
- 歸道山／归道山 (guī dàoshān) (literary, euphemistic)
- 死 (sǐ)
- 死亡 (sǐwáng) (formal)
- 死人 (sǐrén)
- 死去 (sǐqù) (informal)
- 死掉 (sǐdiào) (informal)
- 死翹翹／死翘翘 (sǐqiàoqiào) (informal, humorous)
- 死脫／死脱 (5shi-theq) (Wu)
- 殞／殒 (yǔn) (archaic)
- 氣絕／气绝 (qìjué) (literary)
- 永眠 (yǒngmián) (euphemistic, honorific)
- 沒世／没世 (mòshì) (literary)
- 沉眠 (chénmián) (euphemistic)
- 消忒 (Hakka, euphemistic)
- 物化 (wùhuà) (literary)
- 畢命／毕命 (bìmìng) (formal, euphemistic)
- 病亡 (bìngwáng) (to die of illness)
- 病故 (bìnggù) (to die of illness)
- 病死 (bìngsǐ) (to die of illness)
- 病逝 (bìngshì) (to die of illness)
- 百年歸老／百年归老 (bǎiniánguīlǎo) (euphemistic, of the elderly)
- 盡命／尽命 (jìnmìng) (literary, euphemistic)
- 終／终 (zhōng) (literary, or in compounds, euphemistic)
- 絕／绝 (jué) (literary, or in compounds)
- 翹辮子／翘辫子 (qiào biànzi) (informal, humorous)
- 老了 (lǎo le) (euphemistic, of the elderly)
- 蒙主寵召／蒙主宠召 (méngzhǔchǒngzhào) (euphemistic)
- 薨 (hōng) (Classical Chinese, of feudal lords or high officials)
- 薨逝 (hōngshì) (of feudal lords)
- 被難／被难 (bèinàn) (to be killed in a disaster, political incident, etc.)
- 見背／见背 (jiànbèi) (literary, of one's parents or elders)
- 見閻王／见阎王 (jiàn Yánwáng) (figurative)
- 賓天／宾天 (bīntiān) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
- 走 (zǒu) (euphemistic)
- 走去踮 (Hokkien, euphemistic)
- 身亡 (shēnwáng) (formal, usually from unnatural causes)
- 辭世／辞世 (císhì) (literary)
- 逝世 (shìshì)
- 進棺材／进棺材 (jìn guāncái)
- 過世／过世 (guòshì)
- 過去／过去 (guòqù) (euphemistic)
- 過往／过往 (Hokkien, euphemistic, Teochew, euphemistic)
- 過身／过身 (guòshēn) (literary)
- 過面／过面 (Hokkien)
- 長山賣鴨卵／长山卖鸭卵 (Hakka, euphemistic)
- 長眠／长眠 (chángmián) (euphemistic, honorific)
- 閉眼／闭眼 (bìyǎn) (euphemistic)
- 隕落／陨落 (yǔnluò) (euphemistic)
- 離世／离世 (líshì) (euphemistic)
- 駕崩／驾崩 (jiàbēng) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
- 駕鶴西去／驾鹤西去 (jiàhèxīqù) (euphemistic)
- 駕鶴西遊／驾鹤西游 (jiàhèxīyóu) (euphemistic)
- 龍馭上賓／龙驭上宾 (lóngyùshàngbīn) (of an emperor)
Derived terms
- 不幸中的大幸 (bùxìng zhōng de dàxìng)
- 不幸之幸 (bùxìngzhīxìng)
Descendants
Japanese
Pronunciation
Adjective
不幸 • (fukō) ←ふかう (fukau)?-na (adnominal 不幸な (fukō na), adverbial 不幸に (fukō ni))
- unfortunate
- unhappy
Inflection
| Stem forms
|
| Imperfective (未然形)
|
不幸だろ
|
ふこうだろ
|
fukō daro
|
| Continuative (連用形)
|
不幸で
|
ふこうで
|
fukō de
|
| Terminal (終止形)
|
不幸だ
|
ふこうだ
|
fukō da
|
| Attributive (連体形)
|
不幸な
|
ふこうな
|
fukō na
|
| Hypothetical (仮定形)
|
不幸なら
|
ふこうなら
|
fukō nara
|
| Imperative (命令形)
|
不幸であれ
|
ふこうであれ
|
fukō de are
|
| Key constructions
|
| Informal negative
|
不幸ではない
不幸じゃない
|
ふこうではない
ふこうじゃない
|
fukō de wa nai
fukō ja nai
|
| Informal past
|
不幸だった
|
ふこうだった
|
fukō datta
|
| Informal negative past
|
不幸ではなかった
不幸じゃなかった
|
ふこうではなかった
ふこうじゃなかった
|
fukō de wa nakatta
fukō ja nakatta
|
| Formal
|
不幸です
|
ふこうです
|
fukō desu
|
| Formal negative
|
不幸ではありません
不幸じゃありません
|
ふこうではありません
ふこうじゃありません
|
fukō de wa arimasen
fukō ja arimasen
|
| Formal past
|
不幸でした
|
ふこうでした
|
fukō deshita
|
| Formal negative past
|
不幸ではありませんでした
不幸じゃありませんでした
|
ふこうではありませんでした
ふこうじゃありませんでした
|
fukō de wa arimasen deshita
fukō ja arimasen deshita
|
| Conjunctive
|
不幸で
|
ふこうで
|
fukō de
|
| Conditional
|
不幸なら（ば）
|
ふこうなら（ば）
|
fukō nara (ba)
|
| Provisional
|
不幸だったら
|
ふこうだったら
|
fukō dattara
|
| Volitional
|
不幸だろう
|
ふこうだろう
|
fukō darō
|
| Adverbial
|
不幸に
|
ふこうに
|
fukō ni
|
| Degree
|
不幸さ
|
ふこうさ
|
fukōsa
|
Noun
不幸 • (fukō) ←ふかう (fukau)?
- misfortune
- sorrow, unhappiness
- (euphemistic) death of a relative; bereavement
See also
References
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
Korean
Noun
不幸 • (bulhaeng) (hangeul 불행)
- Hanja form? of 불행 (“unhappiness; misfortune”).
Vietnamese
Adjective
不幸
- chữ Hán form of bất hạnh (“unfortunate; unlucky; ill-fated”).