不得

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Chinese

not; no
get; obtain; gain
get; obtain; gain; proper; suitable; proud; contented; allow; permit; ready; finished; a sentence particle used after a verb to show effect; degree or possibility; to have to; must; ought to; to need to
 
simp. and trad.
(不得) 		不 得

Pronunciation 1

Rime
Character 不 不 不 得
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1) 幫 (1) 幫 (1) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 尤 (136) 尤 (136) 物 (60) 德 (131)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Rising (X) Checked (Ø) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open Closed Open
Division (等) III III III I
Fanqie 甫鳩切 方久切 分勿切 多則切
Baxter pjuw pjuwX pjut tok
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pɨu/ /pɨuX/ /pɨut̚/ /tək̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/piu/ /piuX/ /piut̚/ /tək̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/piəu/ /piəuX/ /piuət̚/ /tək̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/puw/ /puwX/ /put̚/ /tək̚/
Li
Rong 		/piu/ /piuX/ /piuət̚/ /tək̚/
Wang
Li 		/pĭəu/ /pĭəuX/ /pĭuət̚/ /tək̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/pi̯ə̯u/ /pi̯ə̯uX/ /pi̯uət̚/ /tək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		fōu fǒu fu de
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		fau1 fau2 fat1 dak1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 不 得
Reading # 1/2 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		bù dé
Middle
Chinese 		‹ pjuw › ‹ tok ›
Old
Chinese 		/*pə/ /*tˁək/
English not obtain

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 不 不 不 得
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3 1/1
No. 1025 1029 1048 2165
Phonetic
component 		不 不 不 得
Rime
group 		之 之 物 職
Rime
subdivision 		0 0 1 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		不 缶 弗 德
Old
Chinese 		/*pɯ/ /*pɯʔ/ /*pɯ'/ /*tɯːɡ/
Notes 象花柎與本同源 中古才促化

Verb

不得

  1. (auxiliary) must not; should not; not be allowed
    不得亂扔垃圾。／不得乱扔垃圾。  ―  Bùdé luàn rēng lājī.  ―  No littering.
    不得隨地吐痰。
    不得随地吐痰。
    Bùdé suídì tǔtán.
    No spitting.
    不得躺臥。／不得躺卧。  ―  Bùdé tǎngwò.  ―  No lying down here.
    未成年人不得入內。
    未成年人不得入内。
    Wèichéngniánrén bùdé rùnèi.
    Admittance for adults only.
    非緊急情況不得停留。
    非紧急情况不得停留。
    Fēi jǐnjí qíngkuàng bùdé tíngliú.
    Emergency stop only.
  2. to not receive
    很多工人都是終日勞作卻不得溫飽。
    很多工人都是终日劳作却不得温饱。
    Hěn duō gōngrén dōu shì zhōngrì láozuò què bùdé wēnbǎo.
    Many workers work all day without being able to meet their basic needs for living.
    • 窈窕淑女，寤寐求之。求之不得，寤寐思服。
      From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
      Yǎotiǎo shūnǚ, wùmèi qiú zhī. Qiú zhī bùdé, wùmèi sīfú.
      The modest, retiring, virtuous, young lady:
      Waking and sleeping, he sought her.
      He sought her and found her not,
      And waking and sleeping he thought about her.
Synonyms
  • (must not): (literary) 不容 (bùróng)
Derived terms

Pronunciation 2

Verb

不得

  1. complement placed after a verb to express impossibility or inability; cannot; be unable to
Derived terms
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