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U+4E14, 且
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E14

CJK Unified Ideographs
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Commons:Category
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Translingual

Stroke order
5 strokes

Han character

(Kangxi radical 1, +4, 5 strokes, cangjie input 月一 (BM), four-corner 77100, composition or 𠀃𠄠)

  1. Shuowen Jiezi radical №494

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 77, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29
  • Dae Jaweon: page 154, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 15, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+4E14

Further reading

Chinese Wikisource has digitized text of the Kangxi Dictionary entry for :
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Wikisource

Bailang

Noun

(*tsɑʔ)

  1. Sun

References

  • Hill, Nathan W. (2017) “Songs of the Bailang: A New Transcription with Etymological Commentary”, in Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient, volume 103, pages 386—429

Chinese

simp. and trad.
alternative forms 𠀇
𠀃

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts



References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Pictogram (象形) . Multiple interpretations:

  • A stone altar – original form of (OC *ʔsaːʔ).
  • A sacrificial vessel used for chopping and holding meat, as viewed from above (Wang, 1923) – original form of (OC *ʔsraʔ).
  • An erect penis, the symbol of the male ancestor (Guo, 1931) – original form of (OC *ʔsaːʔ).

In the oracle bones and bronze inscriptions, this character was commonly used as (OC *ʔsaːʔ); usage as (OC *ʔsraʔ) is not attested until the Warring States period in the bamboo script. See also the original version of .

Etymology

“and; also; almost; be going to”
Cognate with (OC *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋs) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1


Note:
  • 2qia - vernacular;
  • 2qi - literary.

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial () (14)
    Final () (100)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter tshjaeX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /t͡sʰiaX/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /t͡sʰiaX/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /t͡sʰiaX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /t͡sʰiaX/
    Li
    Rong
    /t͡sʰiaX/
    Wang
    Li
    /t͡sʰĭaX/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren
    /t͡sʰi̯aX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    qiě
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    ce2
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    qiě
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ tshjæX ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*Aʔ/
    English moreover

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 10379
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*sʰjaːʔ/

    Definitions

    1. this
    2. almost; nearly
    3. be going to; will; shall
    4. just; for the time being
    5. even (used for emphasis, often with a hypothetical extreme scenario)
    6. (dialectal Mandarin) for a long time
      會兒 [dialectal Mandarin, trad.]
      会儿 [dialectal Mandarin, simp.]
      Zhè shuǐ tài tàng, qiě děi liàng huǐr ne.
      This water is so hot; need to be left alone to cool down for a long time.
      活兒 [dialectal Mandarin, trad.]
      活儿 [dialectal Mandarin, simp.]
      Zhèi huór qiě gàn bu wán ne.
      There's still a lot of work to do .
    7. and; also (for juxtaposition)
        ―  érqiě  ―  and; but also
      演講簡短切中要害 [MSC, trad.]
      演讲简短切中要害 [MSC, simp.]
      Tā de yǎnjiǎng jiǎnduǎn qiě qièzhòng yàohài.
      His speech was short and to the point.
    8. both ... and ...
    9. or (to list alternatives)
    10. moreover (to indicate progression)
    11. if; assuming (to indicate hypotheticality)
    12. sentence-initial or sentence-medial modal particle
    13. a surname

    Compounds

    Pronunciation 2



    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial () (13)
    Final () (22)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter tsjo
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /t͡sɨʌ/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /t͡siɔ/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /t͡siɔ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /t͡sɨə̆/
    Li
    Rong
    /t͡siɔ/
    Wang
    Li
    /t͡sĭo/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren
    /t͡si̯wo/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    zeoi1
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ tsjo ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*tsa/
    English

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 10413
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*ʔsa/

    Definitions

    1. Alternative form of (, chopping board)
    2. many; numerous; flourishing
    3. sixth month in the lunar calendar
    4. sentence-final modal particle
    5. Alternative form of  / (steed)

    Compounds

    Pronunciation 3


    Definitions

    1. Alternative form of (, to go to)

    Pronunciation 4


    Definitions

    1. Only used in 次且 (“hesitant in walking”).

    Pronunciation 5

    For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“ancestor; forebear; forefather; grandparent; grandfather or grandmother; etc.”).
    (This character is an ancient form of ).

    Japanese

    Kanji

    (Jōyō kanji)

    1. moreover; also; furthermore (かつ)[1]
    2. for the time being (しばらく)
    3. be going to; will; shall (まさに…す)

    Readings

    Compounds

    References

    1. ^ ”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024

    Korean

    Etymology 1

    Hanja

    (eumhun (tto cha))

    1. hanja form? of (moreover; also)

    Compounds

    Etymology 2

    Hanja

    (eumhun 도마 (doma jo))

    1. Alternative form of (hanja form? of (a sacrificial altar; a cutting board, a chopping board))

    Etymology 3

    Hanja

    (eumhun 공경할 (gonggyeonghal jeo))

    1. (obsolete) hanja form? of (respect)

    References

    Vietnamese

    Han character

    : Hán Việt readings: thả[1], thư[2], tồ[2]
    : Nôm readings: thả[1], [3], vả[3]

    1. (literary) besides, again, moreover

    Descendants

    References