丸

丸 U+2F801, 丸 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F801 ← 丽 CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 乁 →

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

丸 (Kangxi radical 3, 丶+2, 3 strokes, cangjie input 大弓戈 (KNI), four-corner 5001₇, composition ⿻九丶(GJKV) or ⿵九丶(HT))

Derived characters

• 孰(执) 執 (in modern form)
• 𬽦, 𢓃

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 80, character 15
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 94
• Dae Jaweon: page 162, character 17
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 42, character 11
• Unihan data for U+4E38

• Unihan data for U+2F801

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 丸
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts
Small seal script s06805 Transcribed ancient scripts L31714 L31715 L06169 L06170 L06171 L06172 L06173 L06174 L06175
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Shuowen suggests that it is an ideogram (指事) from 仄 (“to tilt”) flipped – something that can be tilted and turned; something round.

Unrelated to the right component of characters like 執 and 孰, which comes from 丮.

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “any relation to 圓?”)

Pronunciation

Definitions

丸

1. small round object; ball; pellet

   肉丸  ―  ròuwán  ―  meatball

2. (medicine) pill
3. (obsolete) egg (of a bird)
4. (obsolete) to roll into a ball
5. Classifier for pills of Chinese medicine.
6. a surname: Wan

Compounds

Descendants

• → Vietnamese: viên

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Definitions

丸

1. Used in 烏丸／乌丸.

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. circle
2. round
3. whole
4. pill

Readings

• Go-on: がん (gan, Jōyō)^{←ぐわん (gwan, historical)}
• Kan-on: かん (kan)^{←くわん (kwan, historical)}
• Kun: まる (maru, 丸, Jōyō); まろ (maro, 丸); まるい (marui, 丸い, Jōyō); まるかす (marukasu, 丸かす); まろかす (marokasu, 丸かす); まるかせ (marukase, 丸かせ); まろかせ (marokase, 丸かせ); まるける (marukeru, 丸ける); まろかる (marokaru, 丸かる); まるっこい (marukkoi, 丸っこい); まろぐ (marogu, 丸ぐ); まるぐち (maruguchi, 丸ぐち); まるごと (marugoto, 丸ごと); まるみ (marumi, 丸み); まるむ (marumu, 丸む); まろむ (maromu, 丸む); まるまる (marumaru, 丸まる); まるめる (marumeru, 丸める, Jōyō); まろめる (maromeru, 丸める); まろやか (maroyaka, 丸やか); まろらか (maroraka, 丸らか); たま (tama, 丸)
• Nanori: たま (tama); ま (ma); まる (maru); まろ (maro); わ (wa); わに (wani)

(Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this pronunciation?)

Compounds

Etymology 1

⟨maro₂⟩ → */marə/ → /maru/

Shift from Old Japanese 丸 (maro, see below).

Alternative forms

• (round object, soft-shell turtle, wholeness): 円

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) まる (Heiban – )
• IPA^(key):

• Pitch accent for prefix unknown.

Noun

丸(まる) • (maru) 

1. any round object:
   1. a circle
   2. a sphere, ball
   3. (by extension) any non-perfectly round objects, such as an oval
   4. the "○" symbol, equivalent to a check mark in some other languages
   5. (by extension) something correct, good, or right
2. (colloquial) money

   Synonym: 金銭 (kinsen)

3. enclosure inside a castle's walls
4. (colloquial) the 。 mark, or 句点 (kuten, “full stop, period”)
5. (colloquial) the ゜ mark, or 半濁点 (handakuten, “semi-voicing mark”)
6. the circular outline of a Japanese crest
7. (Kansai) a soft-shell turtle

   Synonym: 鼈 (suppon)

8. term relating to completeness:
   1. fullness, wholeness
   2. meeting specific conditions
9. a Japanese unit of weight

   1 maru is equal to 50 斤 (kin), approximately 30 kilograms

10. a Japanese unit of counting washi
11. a day where prices are doubled in a red-light district

Derived terms

Prefix

丸(まる) • (maru-) 

1. whole, complete

Derived terms

Suffix

丸(まる) • (-maru) 

1. suffix for ship names

Proper noun

丸(まる) • (Maru) 

1. a surname

Etymology 2

Suffix

丸(まる) • (-maru) 

1. Alternative spelling of 麻呂 (maru): attaches to names of persons or objects expressing dearness

Pronoun

丸(まる) • (maru) 

1. (archaic, possibly obsolete) Alternative spelling of 麻呂 (maru): first-person singular, I, me

Etymology 3

⟨maro₂⟩ → */marə/ → /maro/

From Old Japanese. Appears to be the older form.

Adjective

丸(まろ) • (maro) ^†-nari

1. round
2. plump and thick
3. all, whole

   Synonym: 全部 (zenbu)

Noun

丸(まろ) • (maro) 

1. a round object
2. all, whole
3. coins, money

   Synonym: 銭 (zeni)

Derived terms

Proper noun

丸(まろ) • (Maro) 

1. a surname

Etymology 4

/ɡwan/ → /ɡan/

From Middle Chinese 丸 (MC hwan).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) が​ん (Atamadaka – )
• IPA^(key):

Affix

丸(がん) • (gan) ^{←ぐわん (gwan)?}

1. round; circular

Derived terms

• 螺(ら)旋(せん)丸(がん) (rasengan)

Noun

丸(がん) • (gan) ^{←ぐわん (gwan)?}

1. a meatball, fishball
2. a pill

   Synonym: 丸薬 (gan'yaku)

Proper noun

丸(がん) • (Gan) ^{←ぐわん (gwan)?}

1. a surname

References

Korean

Hanja

丸 (eumhun 둥글 환 (dunggeul hwan))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Naver Hanja Dictionary: 丸

Vietnamese

Han character

丸: Hán Nôm readings: hoàn, hòn, giúp, xắp, xóp

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nôm Foundation