主義

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See also: 主义

Chinese

 
to own; to host; master
to own; to host; master; lord; primary
 justice; righteousness; meaning
trad. (主義) 主 義
simp. (主义) 主 义
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Etymology

"position, stance"
From Records of the Grand Historian:
敢犯顏色以達主義，不顧其身。為國家樹長畫。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
敢犯颜色以达主义，不顾其身。为国家树长画。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
Gǎn fàn yánsè yǐ dá zhǔyì, bùgù qí shēn. Wèi guójiā shù chánghuà.
dared to insult the dignified face , so one could make understand positions; one did not care for one's own life, but made long-term plans for the state.
"doctrine, ideology"
This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 主義(しゅぎ) (shugi)?”

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 主 義
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 章 (23) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 虞 (24) 支 (13)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 之庾切 宜寄切
Baxter tsyuX ngjeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ɕɨoX/ /ŋˠiᴇH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡ɕioX/ /ŋᵚiɛH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ɕioX/ /ŋiɛH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/cuə̆X/ /ŋjiə̆H/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ɕioX/ /ŋjeH/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ɕĭuX/ /ŋǐeH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/t͡ɕi̯uX/ /ŋie̯H/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhǔ yì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zyu2 ji6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 主 義
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zhǔ yì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsyuX › ‹ ngjeH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*toʔ/ /*ŋ(r)aj-s/
English master; host duty; justice

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 主 義
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 17618 13045
Phonetic
component 		主 我
Rime
group 		侯 歌
Rime
subdivision 		0 1
Corresponding
MC rime 		主 議
Old
Chinese 		/*tjoʔ/ /*ŋrals/

Noun

主義

  1. (chiefly as a suffix) doctrine; ideology; -ism
    社會主義／社会主义  ―  shèhuì zhǔyì  ―  socialism
  2. (literary) position; stance

Usage notes

Hans van Ess translates 主義／主义 (zhǔyì) in Shiji as "the right conduct of a ruler".

Synonyms

  • (doctrine):

Derived terms

Descendants

  • → Zhuang: cujyi

See also

Verb

主義

  1. (Classical) to uphold righteousness

References

  1. ^ Van Ess, Hans (transl.) "Sequence of his Honor, the Grand Scribe’s Own , Memoir 70"; in Sima Qian (author) & Nienhauser, W. H. Jr. (ed.), (2019) The Grand Scribe's Records - Volume XI: The Memoirs of Han China, Part IV. Publisher: Indiana University Press.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
主 義
しゅ
Grade: 3 		ぎ
Grade: 5
on’yomi
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology

From Literary Chinese 主義 (zhǔyì), attested in the Records of the Grand Historian

Pronunciation

Noun

主(しゅ)義(ぎ) • (shugi) 

  1. a principle or set of principles; a doctrine; an ism
    あの人(ひと)は主(しゅ)義(ぎ)に基(もと)づいて契(けい)約(やく)を拒(きょ)絶(ぜつ)するはずです。
    Ano hito wa shugi ni motozuite keiyaku o kyozetsu suru hazu desu.
    I expect they will reject the contract on principle.

Suffix

主(しゅ)義(ぎ) • (-shugi) 

  1. -ism

Derived terms

Descendants

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 汉语外来词词典 [Chinese Loanword Dictionary] (in Chinese), 1984, page 408
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  • Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja in this term
主義

Noun

主義 • (juui) (hangeul 주의)

  1. Hanja form? of 주의 (“-ism”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
主義

Noun

主義

  1. chữ Hán form of chủ nghĩa (“-ism; doctrine”).
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