九五

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Chinese

nine five
simp. and trad.
(九五)
Literally: “nine (in the) fifth (position)”.

Etymology

The first hexagram of the I Ching (䷀) is six solid bars from bottom to top. In I Ching divination, a value of nine corresponds to a solid bar (old yang: i.e. yang changing into yin). In the I Ching commentary for the first hexagram, it notes that a value of nine in the fifth position (the second bar from the top) has the following meaning:

大人 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
大人 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
From: I Ching, 11th – 8th century BCE
fēi lóng zài tiān, lì jiàn dàrén
The flying dragon is in the heavens, which helps it to see a great man

As a result of the symbolism of the wording in the commentary, this term eventually came to be associated with the emperor.

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial () (28) (31)
Final () (136) (23)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () III I
Fanqie
Baxter kjuwX nguX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kɨuX/ /ŋuoX/
Pan
Wuyun
/kiuX/ /ŋuoX/
Shao
Rongfen
/kiəuX/ /ŋoX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kuwX/ /ŋɔX/
Li
Rong
/kiuX/ /ŋoX/
Wang
Li
/kĭəuX/ /ŋuX/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ki̯ə̯uX/ /ŋuoX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
jiǔ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gau2 ng5
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
jiǔ
Middle
Chinese
‹ kjuwX › ‹ nguX ›
Old
Chinese
/*uʔ/ /*C.ŋˁaʔ/
English nine five

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 6941 13147
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kuʔ/ /*ŋaːʔ/

Noun

九五

  1. (archaic) the emperor
the fifth bar (the second from the top) is a solid line, and has a numerical value of nine (old yang)

Derived terms