九泉

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Chinese

		nine	fountain; spring
simp. and trad. (九泉)		九	泉

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九泉

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiǔquán

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄑㄩㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gau² cyun⁴
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kiú-choân

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiǔquán
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄡˇ ㄑㄩㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiǒucyuán
  - Wade–Giles: chiu³-chʻüan²
  - Yale: jyǒu-chywán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeouchyuan
  - Palladius: цзюцюань (czjucjuanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    九泉
    酒泉
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gau² cyun⁴
  - Yale: gáu chyùhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gau² tsyn⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: geo² qun⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐu̯³⁵ t͡sʰyːn²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiú-choân
  - Tâi-lô: kiú-tsuân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiwzoaan
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡suan²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiu⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡suan²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡suan¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡suan²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡suan²³/

Middle Chinese: kjuwX dzjwen

Rime
Character	九	泉
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	仙 (78)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	舉有切	疾緣切
Baxter	kjuwX	dzjwen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨu^X/	/d͡ziuᴇn/
Pan Wuyun	/kiu^X/	/d͡zʷiɛn/
Shao Rongfen	/kiəu^X/	/d͡zjuæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kuw^X/	/d͡zwian/
Li Rong	/kiu^X/	/d͡ziuɛn/
Wang Li	/kĭəu^X/	/d͡zĭwɛn/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯ə̯u^X/	/d͡zʱi̯wɛn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiǔ	quán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gau²	cyun⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*uʔ s-N-ɢʷar/

(Zhengzhang): /*kuʔ sɡʷen/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	九	泉
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiǔ	quán
Middle Chinese	‹ kjuw^X ›	‹ dzjwen ›
Old Chinese	/*uʔ/	/*s-N-ɢʷar/ (MC I!)
English	nine	spring, source
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be -t or -p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	九	泉
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	6941	10728
Phonetic component	九	泉
Rime group	幽	元
Rime subdivision	1	2
Corresponding MC rime	久	全
Old Chinese	/*kuʔ/	/*sɡʷen/

Noun

九泉

(literary, figurative) grave; the nether world; the Nine Springs

Synonyms

重泉 (zhòngquán)

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