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伲. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
伲, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
伲 in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
伲 you have here. The definition of the word
伲 will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
伲, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
Translingual
Han character
伲 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人尸心 (OSP) or 難人尸心 (XOSP), composition ⿰亻尼)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 96, character 21
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 473
- Dae Jaweon: page 205, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 140, character 2
- Unihan data for U+4F32
Chinese
Etymology 1
For pronunciation and definitions of 伲 – see 你 (“you; your”).
(This character is a variant form of 你). |
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
Definitions
伲
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
Definitions
伲
- (Wu) we; us
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of
我們 (“we; us (
exclusive or no distinction of clusivity)”)
| Variety
|
Location
|
Words
|
| Classical Chinese
|
我, 吾儕, 吾等, 我等, 吾曹, 我曹, 我輩, 吾輩
|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
|
我們
|
| Mandarin
|
Beijing
|
我們, 姆們
|
| Taiwan
|
我們
|
| Tianjin
|
我們
|
| Chengde
|
我們
|
| Tangshan
|
我們
|
| Cangzhou
|
我們, 俺們
|
| Baoding
|
我們, 俺們
|
| Shijiazhuang
|
俺們
|
| Ulanhot
|
俺們
|
| Tongliao
|
俺們
|
| Chifeng
|
我們
|
| Bayanhot
|
我們
|
| Hulunbuir (Hailar)
|
我們
|
| Heihe
|
我們, 俺們
|
| Qiqihar
|
我們, 俺們
|
| Harbin
|
我們, 俺們
|
| Jiamusi
|
我們, 俺們
|
| Baicheng
|
我們, 俺們
|
| Changchun
|
我們, 俺們
|
| Tonghua
|
我們, 俺們
|
| Shenyang
|
我們, 俺們
|
| Dandong
|
我們, 俺, 俺們
|
| Jinzhou
|
我們
|
| Dalian
|
我們
|
| Yantai
|
我們, 俺
|
| Yantai (Muping)
|
俺
|
| Qingdao
|
我們, 俺
|
| Lijin
|
我們, 俺
|
| Zhucheng
|
我們, 俺, 俺們
|
| Jinan
|
我們, 俺們, 俺, 俺這夥
|
| Jining
|
俺
|
| Luoyang
|
我們, 俺們, 俺
|
| Wanrong
|
我的, 我
|
| Shangqiu
|
我們, 俺, 俺們
|
| Yuanyang
|
我們, 俺
|
| Zhengzhou
|
俺, 我們 literary
|
| Lingbao
|
我
|
| Xinyang
|
我們
|
| Baihe
|
我們
|
| Hanzhong
|
我們
|
| Xi'an
|
俺的, 俺, 我的, 我, 我們
|
| Dingbian
|
我們
|
| Baoji
|
我們, 我的, 𠊎的
|
| Yinchuan
|
我們, 卬們, 阿們
|
| Tianshui
|
我們, 我的
|
| Lanzhou
|
我們
|
| Dunhuang
|
我們
|
| Xining
|
我們
|
| Hami
|
我們
|
| Ürümqi
|
我們
|
| Wuhan
|
我們
|
| Huanggang
|
我家
|
| Xiangyang
|
我們
|
| Tianmen
|
我們
|
| Hong'an
|
我們, 我家
|
| Chengdu
|
我們
|
| Nanchong
|
我們
|
| Dazhou
|
我們
|
| Hanyuan
|
我們
|
| Xichang
|
我們
|
| Zigong
|
我們
|
| Chongqing
|
我們
|
| Guiyang
|
我們
|
| Zunyi
|
我們
|
| Bijie
|
我們
|
| Zhaotong
|
我們
|
| Dali
|
我們
|
| Kunming
|
我們
|
| Mengzi
|
我們兒
|
| Guilin
|
我們
|
| Liuzhou
|
我們
|
| Nanning (Xiakuojie)
|
我哋
|
| Nanning (Wuming)
|
我們
|
| Nanning (Fucheng, Wuming)
|
我們
|
| Binyang (Nanjie)
|
我們
|
| Jishou
|
我們
|
| Changde
|
我們
|
| Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine)
|
我們
|
| Anqing
|
我們
|
| Xuzhou
|
俺, 我們
|
| Fuyang
|
我們, 俺們, 俺幾個
|
| Wuhu
|
我們
|
| Yangzhou
|
我們, 們, 我輩兒
|
| Lianyungang
|
我們
|
| Lianshui
|
我們
|
| Nanjing
|
我們
|
| Hefei
|
我們
|
| Nantong
|
我恁, 我倈
|
| Malaysia
|
我們
|
| Singapore
|
我們
|
| Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)
|
我們
|
| Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan)
|
我們
|
| Cantonese
|
Guangzhou
|
我哋
|
| Hong Kong
|
我哋
|
| Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)
|
我哋
|
| Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)
|
我哋
|
| Hong Kong (Ting Kok)
|
我哋, 我俚
|
| Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)
|
我俚
|
| Macau
|
我哋
|
| Guangzhou (Panyu)
|
我哋
|
| Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)
|
我哋
|
| Guangzhou (Conghua)
|
我啲
|
| Guangzhou (Zengcheng)
|
我班人
|
| Foshan
|
我哋
|
| Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)
|
我哋
|
| Foshan (Shunde)
|
我哋
|
| Foshan (Sanshui)
|
我哋
|
| Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)
|
我哋
|
| Zhongshan (Shiqi)
|
我哋
|
| Zhongshan (Huancheng)
|
我哋
|
| Zhongshan (Nanlang)
|
我哋
|
| Zhongshan (Xiaolan)
|
我哋
|
| Zhongshan (Dongsheng)
|
我哋
|
| Zhongshan (Tanbei)
|
我哋
|
| Zhongshan (Henglan)
|
我哋
|
| Zhongshan (Dongfeng)
|
我哋
|
| Zhongshan (Nantou)
|
我哋
|
| Zhongshan (Fusha)
|
我哋
|
| Zhongshan (Shalang)
|
我哋
|
| Zhongshan (Gangkou)
|
我哋
|
| Zhongshan (Huangpu)
|
我俚
|
| Zhongshan (Sanjiao)
|
我哋
|
| Zhongshan (Langwang)
|
我哋
|
| Zhongshan (Minzhong)
|
我哋
|
| Zhongshan (Guzhen)
|
偔
|
| Zhongshan (Banfu)
|
我哋
|
| Zhongshan (Tanzhou)
|
我哋
|
| Zhuhai (Qianshan)
|
我哋
|
| Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)
|
我哋
|
| Zhuhai (Doumen)
|
偔
|
| Jiangmen (Baisha)
|
偔
|
| Jiangmen (Xinhui)
|
偔
|
| Taishan
|
我
|
| Kaiping (Chikan)
|
我
|
| Enping (Niujiang)
|
我喊齊
|
| Heshan (Yayao)
|
我
|
| Dongguan
|
我哋
|
| Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)
|
我哋
|
| Shenzhen (Dapeng)
|
我哋
|
| Shaoguan
|
我哋
|
| Yunfu
|
我哋
|
| Yangjiang
|
偔
|
| Xinyi
|
我哋
|
| Lianjiang
|
我哋
|
| Nanning
|
我哋
|
| Wuzhou
|
我哋
|
| Yulin
|
我人
|
| Hepu (Lianzhou)
|
俺
|
| Baise
|
我哋
|
| Qinzhou
|
我哋
|
| Beihai
|
我哋
|
| Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)
|
我哋
|
| Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)
|
我哋
|
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)
|
我哋
|
| Singapore (Guangfu)
|
我哋
|
| Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)
|
我哋
|
| Móng Cái
|
我哋
|
| Gan
|
Nanchang
|
我個俚, 我等, 我們
|
| Lichuan
|
我多
|
| Pingxiang
|
我俚, 巷俚
|
| Hakka
|
Meixian
|
𠊎等人, 𠊎兜人, 𠊎儕
|
| Xingning
|
𠊎兜人
|
| Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)
|
我, 我咧, 我大家, 我茶家
|
| Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua)
|
我, 我咧
|
| Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua)
|
我俚
|
| Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua)
|
我, 我咧
|
| Huidong (Daling)
|
𠊎兜人
|
| Dongguan (Qingxi)
|
吾兜
|
| Longmen (Pingling Bendihua)
|
我俚
|
| Longmen (Luxi Bendihua)
|
我咧
|
| Boluo (Bendihua)
|
我, 我齊家
|
| Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)
|
𠊎兜
|
| Zengcheng (Zhengguo)
|
吾兜, 𠊎兜
|
| Zhongshan (Wuguishan)
|
吾哋
|
| Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)
|
吾哋
|
| Wuhua (Shuizhai)
|
𠊎兜
|
| Wuhua (Huacheng)
|
𠊎兜
|
| Wuhua (Changbu)
|
𠊎兜
|
| Wuhua (Mianyang)
|
𠊎兜
|
| Heyuan (Bendihua)
|
我咧
|
| Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua)
|
我俚
|
| Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua)
|
我咧
|
| Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua)
|
我, 我咧
|
| Heping (Linzhai Bendihua)
|
我哋
|
| Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua)
|
我咧
|
| Lianping (Longjie Bendihua)
|
我哋
|
| Nanxiong (Zhuji)
|
𠊎等
|
| Shaoguan (Qujiang)
|
𠊎俚
|
| Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua)
|
我根
|
| Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua)
|
我哋
|
| Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)
|
阿俚
|
| Liannan
|
𠊎俚
|
| Conghua (Lütian)
|
𠊎兜
|
| Jiexi
|
𠊎兜儕
|
| Changting
|
𠊎儕們, 𠊎儕
|
| Wuping
|
𠊎等人
|
| Wuping (Pingyu)
|
𠊎等人, 𠊎兜
|
| Liancheng
|
𠊎大全
|
| Ninghua
|
𠊎人, 𠊎多人
|
| Yudu
|
𠊎底
|
| Ruijin
|
𠊎班人
|
| Shicheng
|
𠊎郎人
|
| Shangyou (Shexi)
|
𠊎子人
|
| Miaoli (N. Sixian)
|
𠊎兜, 𠊎等, 𠊎兜人, 𠊎兜儕, 𠊎這兜
|
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)
|
𠊎等, 𠊎等人
|
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)
|
𠊎兜, 𠊎等, 𠊎兜人, 𠊎兜儕
|
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)
|
吾等, 吾這兜, 吾這兜人
|
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)
|
𠊎兜, 𠊎等, 𠊎兜人, 𠊎兜儕
|
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)
|
𠊎人
|
| Hong Kong
|
𠊎哋
|
| Luchuan
|
𠊎俚
|
| Luchuan (Daqiao)
|
我們
|
| Bobai (Shahe)
|
𠊎人
|
| Bobai (Longtan)
|
𠊎大家人
|
| Bobai (Lingping)
|
𠊎哋, 𠊎啲人
|
| Bobai (Lingjiao)
|
𠊎人, 𠊎兜人
|
| Sabah (Bao'an)
|
𠊎兜
|
| Sabah (Longchuan)
|
𠊎兜
|
| Senai (Huiyang)
|
吾兜
|
| Kuching (Hepo)
|
我儕
|
| Singkawang
|
𠊎兜儕
|
| Huizhou
|
Jixi
|
我人
|
| Shexian
|
我人
|
| Tunxi
|
我人
|
| Xiuning
|
我人
|
| Yixian
|
我儂
|
| Qimen
|
我大家
|
| Wuyuan
|
俺家, 刷俺
|
| Dexing
|
我拉
|
| Jingde
|
阿啊
|
| Shitai (Xianyu)
|
我些人
|
| Jin
|
Taiyuan
|
我們, 俺們
|
| Pingyao
|
我家, 我家們家, 我們
|
| Yangyuan
|
我們
|
| Datong
|
我們
|
| Xinzhou
|
我們, 俺們, 俺
|
| Lishi
|
俺們
|
| Linfen
|
我們, 我家
|
| Changzhi
|
我家
|
| Taibus (Baochang)
|
我們
|
| Linhe
|
我們
|
| Jining
|
我們
|
| Hohhot
|
我們
|
| Baotou
|
我們
|
| Dongsheng
|
我們
|
| Haibowan
|
我們
|
| Erenhot
|
我們, 俺們
|
| Pingshan
|
我們, 俺們
|
| Zhangjiakou
|
我們
|
| Handan
|
我們, 俺們
|
| Linzhou
|
我們, 俺們
|
| Suide
|
我們
|
| Northern Min
|
Jian'ou
|
我人, 我夥人
|
| Jian'ou (Dikou)
|
我人
|
| Songxi
|
俺叢人
|
| Zhenghe
|
我人
|
| Zhenghe (Zhenqian)
|
我人
|
| Jianyang
|
我夥人
|
| Wuyishan
|
我夥人
|
| Pucheng (Shibei)
|
我人, 我多人
|
| Eastern Min
|
Fuzhou
|
我各儂, 儂家各儂, 儂家
|
| Changle
|
儂家
|
| Fuqing
|
儂家, 儂家各儂, 我各儂
|
| Pingtan
|
儂家
|
| Yongtai
|
儂家各儂
|
| Gutian
|
我各儂
|
| Fu'an
|
我儕
|
| Ningde
|
我儕儂, 我儕
|
| Shouning
|
我儂
|
| Zhouning
|
我儕
|
| Fuding
|
我儂
|
| Matsu
|
儂家
|
| Singapore (Fuqing)
|
我各儂
|
| Southern Min
|
Xiamen
|
阮
|
| Xiamen (Tong'an)
|
阮
|
| Quanzhou
|
阮
|
| Jinjiang
|
阮
|
| Nan'an
|
阮
|
| Shishi
|
阮
|
| Hui'an
|
阮
|
| Anxi
|
阮
|
| Yongchun
|
阮
|
| Dehua
|
阮
|
| Zhangzhou
|
阮
|
| Zhangzhou (Longhai)
|
阮
|
| Zhangzhou (Changtai)
|
阮
|
| Hua'an
|
阮
|
| Nanjing
|
阮
|
| Pinghe
|
阮
|
| Zhangpu
|
阮
|
| Yunxiao
|
阮
|
| Zhao'an
|
阮
|
| Dongshan
|
阮
|
| Taipei
|
阮
|
| New Taipei (Sanxia)
|
阮
|
| Kaohsiung
|
阮
|
| Yilan
|
阮
|
| Changhua (Lukang)
|
阮
|
| Taichung
|
阮
|
| Tainan
|
阮
|
| Hsinchu
|
阮
|
| Kinmen
|
阮
|
| Penghu (Magong)
|
阮
|
| Penang (Hokkien)
|
我儂
|
| Singapore (Hokkien)
|
我儂, 阮, 阮儂
|
| Manila (Hokkien)
|
阮
|
| Medan (Hokkien)
|
我儂
|
| Longyan
|
我儂
|
| Zhangping
|
我儂
|
| Zhangping (Yongfu)
|
我儂
|
| Datian
|
我夥
|
| Pingnan (Shangdu)
|
阮儂
|
| Chaozhou
|
阮
|
| Shantou
|
阮
|
| Jieyang
|
阮
|
| Haifeng
|
阮, 阮儂
|
| Singapore (Teochew)
|
阮, 阮儂
|
| Batam (Teochew)
|
我儂
|
| Pontianak (Teochew)
|
我儂
|
| Leizhou
|
我儂
|
| Wenchang
|
我儂
|
| Haikou
|
我儂
|
| Singapore (Hainanese)
|
我儂
|
| Puxian Min
|
Putian
|
我輩
|
| Xianyou
|
滾, 我輩
|
| Central Min
|
Yanping (Wangtai)
|
我人
|
| Southern Pinghua
|
Nanning (Tingzi)
|
我哋
|
| Northern Pinghua
|
Guilin (Dahe)
|
我哋
|
| Shehua
|
Fu'an
|
𠊎人
|
| Fuding
|
𠊎人
|
| Luoyuan
|
𠊎人
|
| Sanming
|
𠊎仔
|
| Shunchang
|
𠊎個人
|
| Wu
|
Shanghai
|
阿拉, 我伲 dated, 伲 dated
|
| Shanghai (Chongming)
|
我俚
|
| Shanghai (Songjiang)
|
我㑚
|
| Suzhou
|
伲
|
| Wuxi
|
我俚
|
| Danyang
|
我己
|
| Hangzhou
|
我們
|
| Ningbo
|
阿拉, 象拉
|
| Wenzhou
|
我倈
|
| Jinhua
|
我郎, 昂
|
| Jinhua (Tangxi)
|
我道
|
| Xiang
|
Changsha
|
我們, 我屋裡
|
| Xiangtan
|
我人
|
| Loudi
|
我俺
|
| Shuangfeng
|
我俚, 卬俚
|
| Quanzhou
|
俺
|
Dialectal synonyms of
咱們 (“we; us (
inclusive)”)
| Variety
|
Location
|
Words
|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
|
咱們, 你我
|
| Mandarin
|
Beijing
|
咱們, 咱1
|
| Taiwan
|
我們 †
|
| Langfang
|
咱們
|
| Tangshan
|
咱們
|
| Cangzhou
|
咱們
|
| Baoding
|
咱們
|
| Shijiazhuang
|
咱們
|
| Daming
|
咱
|
| Ulanhot
|
咱們
|
| Tongliao
|
咱們
|
| Chifeng
|
咱們
|
| Bayanhot
|
咱們
|
| Hulunbuir (Hailar)
|
咱們
|
| Harbin
|
咱們
|
| Yantai (Muping)
|
咱1
|
| Jinan
|
咱們, 咱1, 咱這夥
|
| Luoyang
|
咱們
|
| Wanrong
|
咱底, 咱1
|
| Xi'an
|
咱1, 咱的
|
| Dingbian
|
咱們
|
| Yinchuan
|
咱們
|
| Ürümqi
|
咱們
|
| Wuhan
|
我們 †
|
| Chengdu
|
我們 †
|
| Guiyang
|
我們 †
|
| Guilin
|
我們 †
|
| Xuzhou
|
咱1
|
| Yangzhou
|
我們 †, 們 †
|
| Nanjing
|
我們 †
|
| Hefei
|
我們 †
|
| Malaysia
|
我們 †
|
| Singapore
|
我們 †
|
| Cantonese
|
Guangzhou
|
我哋 †
|
| Hong Kong
|
我哋 †
|
| Macau
|
我哋 †
|
| Taishan
|
我 †
|
| Dongguan
|
我哋 †
|
| Yangjiang
|
偔 †
|
| Baise
|
我哋 †
|
| Qinzhou
|
我哋 †
|
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)
|
我哋 †
|
| Singapore (Guangfu)
|
我哋 †
|
| Gan
|
Nanchang
|
我個裡 †, 我等 †, 我們 †
|
| Pingxiang
|
巷滕
|
| Hakka
|
Meixian
|
𠊎等人 †, 𠊎等 †, 齊儕
|
| Xingning
|
𠊎齊家
|
| Huidong (Daling)
|
𠊎俚
|
| Shaoguan (Qujiang)
|
𠊎俚
|
| Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)
|
𠊎俚
|
| Changting
|
𠊎等人
|
| Wuping
|
𠊎嫩人 †
|
| Wuping (Pingyu)
|
𠊎等人 †, 𠊎兜 †
|
| Liancheng
|
𠊎大沙
|
| Ninghua
|
𠊎人 †
|
| Yudu
|
𠊎尼
|
| Ruijin
|
𠊎班
|
| Shicheng
|
𠊎人
|
| Shangyou (Shexi)
|
𠊎子人 †
|
| Miaoli (N. Sixian)
|
𫣆兜, 𫣆這兜, 𫣆俚, 𫣆
|
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)
|
𠊎等 †, 𠊎等人 †
|
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)
|
𫣆俚, 吾俚, 𠊎俚, 𫣆兜, 𫣆這兜, 𫣆
|
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)
|
𫣆等, 𫣆這兜, 𫣆
|
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)
|
𫣆兜, 𫣆這兜, 𫣆俚
|
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)
|
𫣆人, 𫣆
|
| Bobai (Shahe)
|
𠊎人 †
|
| Bobai (Lingping)
|
𠊎哋 †, 𠊎啲人 †
|
| Bobai (Lingjiao)
|
𠊎人 †
|
| Kuching (Hepo)
|
我儕 †
|
| Jin
|
Taiyuan
|
咱們, 咱1
|
| Xinzhou
|
咱們, 咱1
|
| Taibus (Baochang)
|
咱們
|
| Linhe
|
咱們
|
| Jining
|
咱們
|
| Hohhot
|
咱們
|
| Baotou
|
咱們
|
| Dongsheng
|
咱們
|
| Haibowan
|
咱們
|
| Zhangjiakou
|
咱們
|
| Handan
|
咱都
|
| Northern Min
|
Jian'ou
|
俺夥人, 俺人, 俺
|
| Eastern Min
|
Fuzhou
|
儂家各儂, 儂家儂, 儂家
|
| Southern Min
|
Xiamen
|
咱3, 咱儂
|
| Quanzhou
|
咱3, 咱儂
|
| Zhangzhou
|
咱3, 咱儂
|
| Zhangpu
|
咱3
|
| Dongshan
|
咱3
|
| Tainan
|
咱3
|
| Penang (Hokkien)
|
咱3, 咱儂
|
| Singapore (Hokkien)
|
咱3, 咱儂
|
| Manila (Hokkien)
|
咱3
|
| Longyan
|
咱儂, 咱3
|
| Zhangping
|
咱儂
|
| Zhangping (Yongfu)
|
咱儂
|
| Datian
|
那夥
|
| Chaozhou
|
咱3
|
| Shantou
|
咱3
|
| Jieyang
|
咱3
|
| Singapore (Teochew)
|
咱3
|
| Pontianak (Teochew)
|
咱3
|
| Leizhou
|
咱3, 咱阿眾
|
| Wenchang
|
咱儂, 咱3
|
| Haikou
|
咱儂, 咱3
|
| Singapore (Hainanese)
|
咱3
|
| Southern Pinghua
|
Nanning (Tingzi)
|
我哋 †
|
| Wu
|
Shanghai
|
阿拉 †, 我伲 †, 伲 †
|
| Suzhou
|
伲 †
|
| Danyang
|
我己 †
|
| Ningbo
|
阿拉 †
|
| Wenzhou
|
卬你, 卬你倈
|
| Jinhua
|
我自浪, 我匠, 自浪, 匠
|
| Xiang
|
Changsha
|
我們 †
|
| Shuangfeng
|
我哩 †, 卬哩 †
|
| Note
|
† - no distinction of clusivity
|
References
Japanese
Kanji
伲
(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings
Vietnamese
Han character
伲: Hán Nôm readings: ni, nấy, nề
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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References