佛朗機
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Chinese
| phonetic | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (佛朗機) | 佛 | 朗 | 機 | |
| simp. (佛朗机) | 佛 | 朗 | 机 | |
| alternative forms | 佛郎機／佛郎机 | |||
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian فرنگی (farangī, “European, Westerner”). Cognate of Thai ฝรั่ง (fà-ràng)
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄛˊ ㄌㄤˇ ㄐㄧ
- Tongyong Pinyin: Fólǎngji
- Wade–Giles: Fo2-lang3-chi1
- Yale: Fwó-lǎng-jī
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Forlaangji
- Palladius: Фоланцзи (Folanczi)
- Sinological IPA (key): /fu̯ɔ³⁵ lɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: fat6 long5 gei1
- Yale: faht lóhng gēi
- Cantonese Pinyin: fat9 long5 gei1
- Guangdong Romanization: fed6 long5 géi1
- Sinological IPA (key): /fɐt̚² lɔːŋ¹³ kei̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
Noun
佛朗機
- (historical, obsolete) generic name for foreigners from Europe in Ming-dynasty China, especially Portuguese and Spanish people
- Short for 佛朗機炮／佛朗机炮 (fólǎngjīpào, “breech-loading swivel gun”).
Synonyms
- (Portuguese): 葡萄牙人 (pútáoyárén); (short form) 葡人 (púrén)
- (Spanish): 西班牙人 (Xībānyárén); (Hokkien, historical) 化人 (hòa-lâng)