作る

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
つく
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
造る
創る

Etymology

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE. Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *tukoru.

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "作る"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
作る
Imperative (命令形) 作れ
Key constructions
Passive 作られる くられ
Causative 作らせる くらせ
Potential 作れる くれ
Volitional 作ろう くろ
Negative 作らない くらない
Negative perfective 作らなかった くらなかった
Formal 作ります くりま
Perfective 作った った
Conjunctive 作って って
Hypothetical conditional 作れば れば

Verb

(つく) (tsukurutransitive godan (stem (つく) (tsukuri), past (つく)った (tsukutta))

  1. to make
    • 1927, 芥川龍之介, 機関車を見ながら, 青空文庫:
      悲劇(ひげき)(つく)ものは人生(じんせい)である。
      Higeki o tsukuru mono wa jinsei de aru.
      It is life that makes tragedy.
  2. to cook
    • 1933, 岸田國士, 医術の進歩, 青空文庫:
      それとも、これから、卵焼(たまごやき)でも(つく)のか。
      Soretomo, kore kara, tamagoyaki demo tsukuru no ka.
      Or after this we could make an omelette.
  3. to write
    1. to write a literary work
      • 1917, 高浜虚子, 漱石氏と私, 青空文庫:
        ()(つく)(ほう)手紙(てがみ)をかくより手間(てま)のかかるのは無論(むろん)じゃありませんか。
        Shi o tsukuru hō ga tegami o kaku yori tema no kakaru no wa muron ja arimasen ka.
        Isn't it of course harder to write a poem than a letter?
    2. to write a character or word in a particular form
      • 1916, 森鴎外, 伊沢蘭軒, 青空文庫:
        渡辺昌盈(わたなべしやうえい)(また)渋江恒善(しぶえつねよし)須川隆白(すがはりゆうはく)(おな)じく、弘前藩(ひろさきはん)子弟(してい)で、伊沢氏(いさはし)(じゆく)(ぐう)してゐた。榛軒門人録(しんけんもんじんろく)には(この)(ひと)()が「昌栄(しやうえい)」に(つく)つてある。
        Watanabe Shōei mo mata, Shibue Tsuneyoshi, Sugawa Ryūhaku to onajiku, Hirosaki-han no shitei de, Isawa-shi no juku ni gūshite ita. Shinken monjinroku ni wa kono hito no na ga “昌栄” ni tsukutte aru.
        Watanabe Shōei, like Shibue Tsuneyoshi and Sugawa Ryūhaku, was also a child of the Hirosaki domain, and resided at Isawa’s private school. In Shinken’s record of pupils, this person’s name is written as 昌栄.
  4. to grow, to raise
    • 1923, 芥川龍之介, 不思議な島, 青空文庫:
      (おとこ)でも(おんな)でも野菜(やさい)(つく)のです。
      Otoko demo onna demo yasai o tsukuru no desu.
      Both men and women grow vegetables.
  5. to cultivate ability, to train
    • 1920, 長谷川時雨, マダム貞奴, 青空文庫:
      新時代(しんじだい)(てき)するように(あたま)(つく)必要(ひつよう)であった。
      Shinjidai ni tekisuru yō ni atama o tsukuru hitsuyō de atta.
      There was a need cultivate intellects to suit the new era.
  6. to draw up, form, establish
    • 1923, 末弘厳太郎, 小知恵にとらわれた現代の法律学, 青空文庫:
      だから議会(ぎかい)法律(ほうりつ)(とお)ったりつかえたりする(ところ)で、法律(ほうりつ)(つく)(ところ)ではない。
      Dakara gikai wa hōritsu no tōttari tsukaetari suru tokoro de, hōritsu o tsukuru tokoro de wa nai.
      So the Diet is a place where laws may be passed or blocked, but not one where they are drawn up.
  7. to make an acquaintance
    彼氏(かれし)(つく)れるよう
    kareshi ga tsukureru
    so that one can get a boyfriend

Conjugation

Synonyms

Use of these terms will depend on the situation.

References

  1. ^ 作・造”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, Nihon Kokugo Daijiten) (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN