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侯. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
侯, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
侯 in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
侯 you have here. The definition of the word
侯 will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
侯, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
Translingual
Stroke order
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Han character
侯 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 人弓一大 (ONMK), four-corner 27234, composition ⿰亻⿱⿱𠃍一矢 or ⿰亻⿱⿱乛一矢)
Derived characters
- 喉, 猴, 堠, 帿, 瘊, 睺, 篌, 糇, 緱/缑, 葔, 鍭/𬭤, 餱/𫗯, 鄇, 㢿, 㬋, 㮢, 䂉, 䗔, 䙈, 䞀/𬥽, 䫛, 翭, 鯸, 䳧/𪃶/𫛺, 𠋫, 𡗁, 𡟑, 𡹵, 𪹍, 𢜵, 𢰡, 𣣠, 𤧝, 𤬈, 𥀃, 𦑤, 𦞈, 𧇹, 𧩨, 𧯁, 𨂸, 𩃺, 𩋴, 𩘋, 𩩵, 𪈱, 𪑻
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 103, character 7
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 633
- Dae Jaweon: page 218, character 20
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 167, character 1
- Unihan data for U+4FAF
Chinese
Glyph origin
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Old Chinese
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緱
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*koː, *koː
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侯
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*ɡoː
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喉
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*ɡoː
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猴
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*ɡoː
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瘊
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*ɡoː
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篌
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*ɡoː
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糇
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*ɡoː
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帿
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*ɡoː
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睺
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*ɡoː, *ɡoːs
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矦
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*ɡoː
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餱
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*ɡoː
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翭
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*ɡoː
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葔
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*ɡoː
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鄇
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*ɡoː, *ɡoːs
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鍭
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*ɡoː, *ɡoːs
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鯸
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*ɡoː
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候
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*ɡoːs
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堠
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*ɡoːs
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Pictogram (象形) – a target for arrows.
Etymology
- "target" > "prince, marquis"
- 侯 (OC *ɡoː)'s connection to archery is noted by Schuessler (2007), Theobald (2017), Goldin (2021), etc. Goldin further relates it to 鍭 (OC *ɡoː, *ɡoːs, “arrow with metal tip”), which Schuessler instead relates to 后 (OC *ɡoːʔ, *ɡoːs).
- Schuessler (2007) proposes an Austroasiatic etymology, comparing 侯 (OC *ɡoː) to Khmer គាស់ (kŏəh, “to raise (a crossbow) with a view to aiming”), Khmer (kpoḥ, “to be raised up, clearly visible”), & Khmer (goḥ, “to hit (squarely)”).
- When meaning "target > prince, marquis", possibly distinct from 后 (OC *ɡoːʔ, *ɡoːs, “(head >) ruler > queen”) (Schuessler, 2007; Goldin, 2021).
- Its derivatives, from sense "target (n.) > to target (v.)", are 候 (OC *ɡoːs) & 觀 (OC *koːn, *koːns), both meaning "to watch" (Schuessler, 2007); contra Lau (1999), who thinks sense "to watch" to be fundamental and "target; lord, marquis" to be derivatives..
- "to be; to have"
- Austroasiatic (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Proto-Vietic *kɔːʔ (“to have, to be”) and Proto-Monic *gooʔ (“to get, to possess”); compare also Jingpho gu³¹ (“to have”).
Pronunciation 1
Note:
- hô͘/hiô - literary (incl. surname in Xiamen and Zhangzhou);
- kâu - vernacular (incl. surname, dated in Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou);
- hâu - vernacular (incl. surname in Quanzhou and Taiwan).
Note:
- hou5 - all senses (incl. surname);
- gao5 - surname.
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
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Character
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侯
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Reading #
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1/1
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Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
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hóu
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Middle Chinese
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‹ huw ›
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Old Chinese
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/*ˁ(r)o/
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English
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feudal lord
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Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
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Zhengzhang system (2003)
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Character
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侯
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Reading #
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1/1
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No.
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5139
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Phonetic component
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侯
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Rime group
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侯
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Rime subdivision
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0
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Corresponding MC rime
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Old Chinese
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/*ɡoː/
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Notes
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矦隸變
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Definitions
侯
- marquis; lord
王者之制:祿爵,公、侯、伯、子、男,凡五等。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
王者之制:禄爵,公、侯、伯、子、男,凡五等。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
- Wángzhě zhī zhì: lùjué, gōng, hóu, bó, zǐ, nán, fán wǔděng.
- According to the regulations of emolument and rank framed by the kings, there were the duke; the marquis; the earl; the count; and the baron - in all, five gradations (of rank).
- (obsolete) target
- (obsolete) to be, to have
- a surname
- 侯孝賢/侯孝贤 ― Hóu Xiàoxián ― Hou Hsiao-hsien (Taiwanese film director)
Compounds
Descendants
Others:
Pronunciation 2
Note:
- hô͘ - literary (common);
- hō͘ - literary (rare);
- hāu - vernacular (rare).
Definitions
侯
- Only used in 閩侯/闽侯 (Mǐnhòu).
Japanese
Kanji
侯
(common “Jōyō” kanji)
- marquis
- lord
- daimyo
Readings
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 侯 (MC huw).
Pronunciation
Hanja
Wikisource
侯 (eumhun 제후 후 (jehu hu))
- Hanja form? of 후 (“marquis; lord”).
- Hanja form? of 후 (“target in archery”).
Compounds
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.
Vietnamese
Han character
侯: Hán Nôm readings: hậu, hầu
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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References