俗

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See also: 𠈻
俗 U+4FD7, 俗
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4FD7
← 俖
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 俘 →

Translingual

Han character

俗 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 人金人口 (OCOR), four-corner 28268, composition ⿰亻谷)

Usage notes

This character is not to be confused with 𠈻 (U+2023B) which has 𧮫 instead of 谷 as its right component.

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 105, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 695
  • Dae Jaweon: page 221, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 163, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+4FD7

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 俗

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 俗
Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Bronze inscriptions

b12355

b12356

b12357

b12358

b12359

b12360

Small seal script

s05809

Transcribed ancient scripts

L37601

L37602

L37603

L37604

L25644

L25645

L25646

L25647

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (谷) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
螸 *lo
裕 *loɡs
容 *loŋ
溶 *loŋ, *loŋʔ
鎔 *loŋ
蓉 *loŋ
傛 *loŋ, *loŋʔ
褣 *loŋ
搈 *loŋ
瑢 *loŋ
嵱 *loŋ
熔 *loŋ
榕 *loŋ
塎 *loŋʔ
谷 *ɦkroːɡ, *kloːɡ, *ɡ·loːɡ
唂 *kloːɡ
焀 *ɡloːɡ
俗 *ljoɡ
欲 *loɡ
浴 *loɡ
鵒 *loɡ
峪 *ɦkloːɡ
鋊 *loɡ
輍 *loɡ
慾 *loɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljoɡ) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 谷 (OC *ɦkroːɡ, *kloːɡ, *ɡ·loːɡ) – customs of people.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *luk (“custom; manner”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan ལུགས (lugs, “tradition; custom”).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • sio̍k - literary (“cheap; custom”);
  • sio̍h - vernacular (俗) (“boring; lonely; ordinary”).
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 俗
Mandarin Beijing /su³⁵/
Harbin /ɕy²⁴/
/su²⁴/
Tianjin /ɕy⁴⁵/
/su⁴⁵/
Jinan /ɕy⁴²/
Qingdao /sy⁴²/
Zhengzhou /sy⁴²/
Xi'an /ɕy²⁴/
Xining /ɕy²⁴/
Yinchuan /ɕy¹³/
Lanzhou /su⁵³/
Ürümqi /su²¹³/
Wuhan /səu²¹³/
Chengdu /ɕyo³¹/
/ɕy³¹/
Guiyang /ɕiu²¹/
Kunming /su³¹/
Nanjing /suʔ⁵/
Hefei /suəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕyəʔ⁵⁴/
Pingyao /ɕyʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /ɕyəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /zoʔ¹/
Suzhou /zoʔ³/
Hangzhou /d͡zoʔ²/
Wenzhou /jo²¹³/
Hui Shexian /su²²/
Tunxi /siu⁵/
Xiang Changsha /səu²⁴/
Xiangtan /səɯ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /ɕiuʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /siuk̚⁵/
Taoyuan /siuk̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sok̚²/
Nanning /suk̚²²/
Hong Kong /t͡suk̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /siɔk̚⁵/
/sioʔ⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /syʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /sy²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /sok̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /tok̚³/
Rime
Character 俗
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 邪 (17)
Final (韻) 鍾 (8)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 似足切
Baxter zjowk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/zɨok̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ziok̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ziok̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/zuawk̚/
Li
Rong 		/ziok̚/
Wang
Li 		/zĭwok̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/zi̯wok̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		sú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zuk6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 俗
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		sú
Middle
Chinese 		‹ zjowk ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s-ok/
English ways, customs; vulgar

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 俗
Reading # 1/1
No. 4302
Phonetic
component 		谷
Rime
group 		屋
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		續
Old
Chinese 		/*ljoɡ/
This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!
Particularly: “Dungan”

Definitions

俗

  1. vulgar; unrefined; common; popular; vernacular
  2. (Hokkien) cheap; inexpensive
  3. custom; practice; habit
  4. (Buddhism) those of the secular world; non-monks
  5. (Mainland China Hokkien) boring; dull; uninteresting; drab
  6. (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) lonely; desolate; lonesome
  7. (Xiamen Hokkien) ordinary; common; mediocre

Synonyms

  • (boring):
  • (lonely):
  • (ordinary):

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 便宜 (“cheap”)
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 便宜, 低廉, 低賤
Mandarin Beijing 便宜, 賤
Taiwan 便宜
Harbin 便宜, 賤
Yantai (Muping) 便宜, 賤
Jinan 便宜, 賤
Luoyang 便宜, 賤
Wanrong 便宜, 賤
Xi'an 便宜, 賤
Yinchuan 便宜
Lanzhou 便宜
Xining 便宜
Ürümqi 便宜
Wuhan 便宜, 相因
Chengdu 相因, 便宜
Guiyang 相因
Liuzhou 便宜
Xuzhou 便宜, 賤
Yangzhou 便宜, 划廉
Nanjing 便宜
Hefei 巧, 便宜
Nantong 便宜
Malaysia 便宜
Singapore 便宜
Cantonese Guangzhou 平
Hong Kong 平
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 平
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 平
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 平
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 平
Macau 平
Guangzhou (Panyu) 平
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 平
Guangzhou (Conghua) 平
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 平
Foshan 平
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 平
Foshan (Shunde) 平
Foshan (Sanshui) 平
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 便宜, 平
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 平
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 平
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 平
Zhuhai (Doumen) 平
Jiangmen (Baisha) 平
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 平
Taishan 平
Kaiping (Chikan) 平
Enping (Niujiang) 平
Heshan (Yayao) 平
Dongguan 平
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 平
Qingyuan 平
Fogang 平
Yingde (Hanguang) 平
Yangshan 平, 便宜
Lianshan (Butian) 平
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 平宜
Shaoguan 平
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 平
Renhua 平, 抵得
Lechang 平
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 平
Sihui 平
Guangning 平枯
Deqing 平
Huaiji 平
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 平
Yunfu 平
Xinxing 平
Luoding 平
Yunan (Pingtai) 平
Yangjiang 平, 平宜
Nanning 平
Yulin 平
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 平
Singapore (Guangfu) 平
Gan Nanchang 便宜
Lichuan 便宜
Pingxiang 便宜
Hakka Meixian 便宜, 平
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 便宜, 平
Dongguan (Qingxi) 平
Boluo (Bendihua) 平, 便宜
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 平
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 平
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 平
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 便宜
Wuhua (Huacheng) 便宜, 平
Wuhua (Changbu) 平
Wuhua (Mianyang) 便宜
Heyuan (Bendihua) 平, 便宜
Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) 平, 便宜
Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) 便宜
Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) 平, 便宜
Conghua (Lütian) 便宜
Jiexi 便宜
Yudu 便宜
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 便宜
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 便宜
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 便宜
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 便宜
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 便宜
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 便宜
Hong Kong 平
Sabah (Longchuan) 便宜
Senai (Huiyang) 便宜
Singkawang 便宜
Huizhou Jixi 便宜
Jin Taiyuan 便宜, 賤
Xinzhou 便宜, 賤
Northern Min Jian'ou 便宜
Yanping (Xiayang) 便宜
Songxi 便宜
Zhenghe 便宜
Shunchang (Yangdun) 平
Jianyang 平
Wuyishan 平
Pucheng (Shibei) 便宜
Eastern Min Fuzhou 便宜, 賤
Matsu 便宜
Southern Min Xiamen 俗, 便宜
Quanzhou 俗, 便宜
Zhangzhou 俗, 便宜
Taipei 俗
New Taipei (Sanxia) 俗
Kaohsiung 俗
Yilan 俗, 便宜
Changhua (Lukang) 俗
Taichung 俗
Taichung (Wuqi) 俗
Tainan 俗
Taitung 俗
Hsinchu 俗
Kinmen 俗
Penghu (Magong) 俗, 便宜
Penang (Hokkien) 便宜
Singapore (Hokkien) 偏
Manila (Hokkien) 俗
Chaozhou 便
Shantou 便
Jieyang 便
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 便
Singapore (Teochew) 便
Wenchang 便宜
Haikou 便宜
Qionghai 便宜
Singapore (Hainanese) 便宜
Puxian Min Putian 相因
Xianyou 相因
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 平
Sanxiang 平
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 平
Wu Shanghai 便宜, 𠼢
Shanghai (Chongming) 便宜, 𠼢
Suzhou 便宜, 𠼢
Danyang 便宜, 賤
Hangzhou 便宜, 𠼢
Ningbo 便宜, 𠼢
Wenzhou 鬆, 便宜
Jinhua 便宜, 賤
Xiang Changsha 便宜
Loudi 便宜
Shuangfeng 便宜, 賤

Compounds

Further reading

Japanese

Kanji

俗

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Compounds

Etymology

Kanji in this term
俗
ぞく
Grade: S
goon

From Middle Chinese 俗 (MC zjowk).

Pronunciation

Adjective

俗(ぞく) • (zoku) -na (adnominal 俗(ぞく)な (zoku na), adverbial 俗(ぞく)に (zoku ni))

  1. worldly
  2. vulgar
  3. common, lay
    俗(ぞく)に言(い)う
    zoku ni iu
    what is commonly referred to as
    俗(ぞく)に言(い)えば
    zoku ni ieba
    to use a common phrase

Inflection

Inflection of 俗
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 俗だろ ぞくだろ zoku daro
Continuative (連用形) 俗で ぞくで zoku de
Terminal (終止形) 俗だ ぞくだ zoku da
Attributive (連体形) 俗な ぞくな zoku na
Hypothetical (仮定形) 俗なら ぞくなら zoku nara
Imperative (命令形) 俗であれ ぞくであれ zoku de are
Key constructions
Informal negative 俗ではない
俗じゃない 		ぞくではない
ぞくじゃない 		zoku de wa nai
zoku ja nai
Informal past 俗だった ぞくだった zoku datta
Informal negative past 俗ではなかった
俗じゃなかった 		ぞくではなかった
ぞくじゃなかった 		zoku de wa nakatta
zoku ja nakatta
Formal 俗です ぞくです zoku desu
Formal negative 俗ではありません
俗じゃありません 		ぞくではありません
ぞくじゃありません 		zoku de wa arimasen
zoku ja arimasen
Formal past 俗でした ぞくでした zoku deshita
Formal negative past 俗ではありませんでした
俗じゃありませんでした 		ぞくではありませんでした
ぞくじゃありませんでした 		zoku de wa arimasen deshita
zoku ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive 俗で ぞくで zoku de
Conditional 俗なら（ば） ぞくなら（ば） zoku nara (ba)
Provisional 俗だったら ぞくだったら zoku dattara
Volitional 俗だろう ぞくだろう zoku darō
Adverbial 俗に ぞくに zoku ni
Degree 俗さ ぞくさ zokusa

Noun

俗(ぞく) • (zoku) 

  1. worldliness
  2. vulgarity
  3. the laity, mundane things, common man
  4. customs

Derived terms

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

俗 (eumhun 풍속 속 (pungsok sok))

  1. Hanja form? of 속 (“vulgar; unrefined; common; popular; vernacular”).

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

俗: Hán Nôm readings: tục

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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