倍

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倍 U+500D, 倍
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-500D
← 倌
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 倎 →

Translingual

Han character

倍 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人卜廿口 (OYTR), four-corner 20261, composition ⿰亻咅)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 107, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 760
  • Dae Jaweon: page 228, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 183, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+500D

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 倍

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 倍
s05828
Transcribed ancient scripts
L15317
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (咅) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蓓 *bɯːʔ, *bɯːʔ
倍 *bɯːʔ
菩 *bɯːʔ, *bɯʔ, *bɯː, *bɯːɡ
掊 *bruː, *poːʔ, *bɯ, *bɯ
剖 *pʰoːʔ, *pʰoʔ
婄 *pʰɯʔ, *bɯʔ, *bɯː
踣 *pʰɯs, *bɯːɡ
箁 *bɯ
咅 *pʰɯʔ, *pʰl'oːs
部 *boːʔ, *boːʔ, *boːʔ, *boːʔ
培 *boːʔ, *bɯː
犃 *boːʔ
瓿 *boːʔ, *bɯ, *bo
殕 *pɯʔ, *pʰoʔ, *qɯːɡ
醅 *pʰɯ, *pʰɯː
棓 *bɯ, *broːŋʔ, *bɯː
涪 *bɯ
賠 *bɯː
陪 *bɯː
毰 *bɯː
焙 *bɯːs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *bɯːʔ): semantic 人 + phonetic 咅 (OC *pʰɯʔ, *pʰl'oːs).

Pronunciation 1

Note: erhua-ed - “very”.
Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou:
    • pē/pěr - vernacular;
    • pōe/pǒe - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 倍
Mandarin Beijing /pei⁵¹/
Harbin /pei⁵³/
Tianjin /pei⁵³/
Jinan /pei²¹/
Qingdao /pe⁴²/
Zhengzhou /pei³¹²/
Xi'an /pʰei⁴⁴/
Xining /pʰɨ²¹³/
Yinchuan /pei¹³/
Lanzhou /pei¹³/
Ürümqi /pei²¹³/
Wuhan /pei³⁵/
Chengdu /pei¹³/
Guiyang /pei²¹³/
Kunming /pei²¹²/
Nanjing /pəi⁴⁴/
Hefei /pe⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /pei⁴⁵/
Pingyao /pæ³⁵/
Hohhot /pei⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /be²³/
Suzhou /be̞³¹/
Hangzhou /bei¹³/
Wenzhou /bai³⁵/
Hui Shexian /pʰɛ²²/
Tunxi /pə²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /pei⁵⁵/
/pei¹¹/
Xiangtan /bəi²¹/
Gan Nanchang /pʰi²¹/
Hakka Meixian /pʰi⁵³/
Taoyuan /pʰoi⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /pʰui²³/
Nanning /pʰui²⁴/
Hong Kong /pʰui¹³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /pue²²/
/pe²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /puɔi²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /po⁴²/
Shantou (Teochew) /pue³⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ʔbui³³/
Rime
Character 倍
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 咍 (41)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 薄亥切
Baxter bojX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/bʌiX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/bəiX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/bɒiX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/bəjX/
Li
Rong 		/bᴀiX/
Wang
Li 		/bɒiX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/bʱɑ̆iX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		bài
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		boi6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 倍
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		bèi
Middle
Chinese 		‹ bwojX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ˁəʔ/
English double

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 倍
Reading # 1/1
No. 9837
Phonetic
component 		咅
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		倍
Old
Chinese 		/*bɯːʔ/

Definitions

倍

  1. to double
  2. Classifier for the number of times a value is multiplied: times; -fold
    一百倍  ―  yībǎi bèi  ―  hundredfold; one hundred times
  3. exceptionally; especially
  4. (Mandarin, colloquial) very; extremely

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

倍

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 背 (“to give up; to betray; to violate; to have one's back towards”)

Compounds

Pronunciation 3

Definitions

倍

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Original form of 陪 (péi).
  2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 賠 / 赔 (péi)

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

倍

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

  • Go-on: ばい (bai, Jōyō)、べ (be)
  • Kan-on: はい (hai)
  • Kun: そむく (somuku, 倍く)、ます (masu, 倍す)

Compounds

Derived terms

Pronunciation

Noun

倍(ばい) • (bai) 

  1. twice, double, two times
    田(た)中(なか)さんの家(いえ)は私(わたし)の家(いえ)の倍(ばい)の大(おお)きさだ。
    Tanaka-san no ie wa watashi no ie no bai no ōkisa da.
    Tanaka's house is twice the size of mine.
    倍(ばい)にする
    bai ni suru
    to double

Antonyms

Counter

倍(ばい) • (-bai) 

  1. times, -fold
    この飛行機(ひこうき)はあの飛行機(ひこうき)よりも ３(さん)倍(ばい)速(はや)い。
    Kono hikōki wa ano hikōki yori mo san-bai hayai.
    This plane is a whole three times faster than that plane.
    ４(よん) の ５(ご)倍(ばい)
    yon no go-bai
    4 times 5
  2. (typography) a multiple of 全角 (zenkaku, “fullwidth/-height”) or 1 em in Western typography
    Antonym: 分 (bu)
    2(に)倍(ばい)
    nibai
    2 ems
  3. (typography, newspapers) a unit in newspaper typesetting, equal to 88 mils, 88⁄1000 in, 8 U (U) and 1⁄16 段 (dan)

See also

Korean

Hanja

倍 (eumhun 곱 배 (gop bae))

  1. hanja form? of 배 (“twice; double”)

Compounds

Tày

Han character

倍 (transliteration needed)

  1. Nôm form of viòi.

References

  • Dương Nhật Thanh, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày ‎ (in Tày and Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học xã hội

Vietnamese

Han character

倍: Hán Nôm readings: bội, bạu, bậu, bụa, buạ, vội

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