假

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

假 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 人口卜水 (ORYE), four-corner 2724₇, composition ⿰亻叚)

Derived characters

• 𠽙, 𪝪, 𫖄, 𦹜, 𣘟

Related characters

• 仮 (Japanese shinjitai)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 110, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 835
• Dae Jaweon: page 233, character 16
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 196, character 2
• Unihan data for U+5047

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 假
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts
Small seal script s05789 Transcribed ancient scripts L35016 L35017 L35018 L35019 L35020 L35021 L35022 L35023 L35024 L35025 L35026 L35027 L17232 L17233 L17234 L17235 L17236 L17237 L17238 L17239 L17240
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kraːʔ, *kraːs) : semantic 人 + phonetic 叚 (OC *kraːʔ).

Etymology

“to borrow; false”

The sense evolved in the following manner: "to borrow" > "simulate" > "deception; false".

Cognate with Tibetan ཀར་སྐྱིན (kar skyin, “loan; thing borrowed”). An allofam is probably 雇 (OC *kʷaːs, *ɡʷaːʔ, “to hire”).

Pronunciation 1

Definitions

假

1. to lend; to borrow; to loan

   假道伐虢  ―  jiǎdàofáguó  ―  to obtain safe passage to conquer the State of Guo

   假以時日／假以时日  ―  jiǎyǐshírì  ―  as time goes by

2. (archaic, historical, politics) acting

   假王  ―  jiǎwáng  ―  Acting Prince

   假丞相  ―  jiǎchéngxiàng  ―  Acting Chancellor

3. to make use of

   不假思索  ―  bùjiǎsīsuǒ  ―  without hesitation

   假借  ―  jiǎjiè  ―  to make use of; phonetic loan

4. to disguise; to fake; to pretend

   假裝／假装  ―  jiǎzhuāng  ―  to pretend

5. forged; artificial; false

   假貨／假货  ―  jiǎhuò  ―  counterfeit goods

   假睫毛  ―  jiǎjiémáo  ―  false eyelash

   Antonym: 真 (zhēn)

6. falsehood; deception

   真假  ―  zhēnjiǎ  ―  real and fake; authenticity

   • 假作真時真亦假，無為有處有還無。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
     假作真时真亦假，无为有处有还无。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]

     From: Cao Xueqin, Dream of the Red Chamber, mid-18^th century CE

     Jiǎ zuò zhēn shí zhēn yì jiǎ, wú wéi yǒu chù yǒu huán wú.

     When falsehood stands for truth, truth likewise becomes false; where naught be made to aught, aught changes into naught.

7. if; assuming

   假設／假设  ―  jiǎshè  ―  to suppose

8. a surname

Compounds

Descendants

• → Lingao: ke¹ (via Hainanese)

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

假

1. vacation

   病假  ―  bìngjià  ―  sick leave

   假日  ―  jiàrì  ―  holiday

Compounds

Pronunciation 3

Definitions

假

1. ^† Same as 格 (gé).

Compounds

References

• “假”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 仮)

1. temporary
2. interim
3. assumed (name)
4. informal

Readings

• On (unclassified): か (ka); け (ke)
• Kun: かり (kari)

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 假 (MC kaeX).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key):
• Phonetic hangul:
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

假

Wikisource

假 (eumhun 거짓 가 (geojit ga))

1. Hanja form^? of 가 (“false, fake”).

Compounds

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 假 / 遐 (MC hae).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key):
• Phonetic hangul:

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

假

Wikisource

假 (eumhun 멀 하 (meol ha))

1. (literary Chinese) Alternative form of 遐 (“Hanja form^? of 하 (“afar; distant”).”)

Etymology 3

From Middle Chinese 假 / 格 (MC kak|kaek).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key):
• Phonetic hangul:

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

假

Wikisource

假 (eumhun 이를 격 (ireul gyeok))

1. (literary Chinese) Alternative form of 格 (“Hanja form^? of 격 (“to come; to arrive; to go to”).”)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Tày

Adjective

假 (transliteration needed)

1. Nôm form of chá (“fake”).

Vietnamese

Han character

假: Hán Nôm readings: giả, giá, hạ, hà

1. chữ Hán form of giả (“false, fake”).
2. (only in compounds) chữ Hán form of giá, giả (“if, assuming”).

Compounds

References