偽る

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
偽
いつわ
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings
僞る (kyūjitai)
詐る

Etymology

According to the earliest attested form うつはる (utsuharu) in early Heian period, it is possibly a compound of 空(うつ) (utsu, “something that doesn't exist”) + 張(は)る (haru, “to spread”).

Otherwise a corrupted form of 空(うつほ) (utsuho, “something that is hollow”) + 在(あ)る (aru, “to be”), but this is morphologically problematic because ラ行変格活用 didn't perishes till the late Heian period.

Pronunciation

Verb

偽(いつわ)る • (itsuwaru) ←いつはる (itufaru)?intransitive godan (stem 偽(いつわ)り (itsuwari), past 偽(いつわ)った (itsuwatta))

  1. disguise, cheat, falsify

Conjugation

Conjugation of "偽る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 偽ら いつわら itsuwara
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 偽り いつわり itsuwari
Shūshikei ("terminal") 偽る いつわる itsuwaru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 偽る いつわる itsuwaru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 偽れ いつわれ itsuware
Meireikei ("imperative") 偽れ いつわれ itsuware
Key constructions
Passive 偽られる いつわられる itsuwarareru
Causative 偽らせる
偽らす 		いつわらせる
いつわらす 		itsuwaraseru
itsuwarasu
Potential 偽れる いつわれる itsuwareru
Volitional 偽ろう いつわろう itsuwarō
Negative 偽らない いつわらない itsuwaranai
Negative continuative 偽らず いつわらず itsuwarazu
Formal 偽ります いつわります itsuwarimasu
Perfective 偽った いつわった itsuwatta
Conjunctive 偽って いつわって itsuwatte
Hypothetical conditional 偽れば いつわれば itsuwareba

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  3. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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