傍観

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See also: 旁觀

Japanese

Kanji in this term
傍 観
ぼう
Grade: S 		かん
Grade: 4
on'yomi
Alternative spelling
傍觀 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

Noun

傍(ぼう)観(かん) • (bōkan) ←ばうくわん (baukwan)?

  1. onlooking; spectating passively

Verb

傍(ぼう)観(かん)する • (bōkan suru) transitive suru (stem 傍(ぼう)観(かん)し (bōkan shi), past 傍(ぼう)観(かん)した (bōkan shita))

  1. to look on; to spectate passively
    Hypernym: 見る (miru, “to see, to look at”)

Conjugation

Conjugation of "傍観する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 傍観し ぼうかんし bōkan shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 傍観し ぼうかんし bōkan shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 傍観する ぼうかんする bōkan suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 傍観する ぼうかんする bōkan suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 傍観すれ ぼうかんすれ bōkan sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 傍観せよ¹
傍観しろ² 		ぼうかんせよ¹
ぼうかんしろ² 		bōkan seyo¹
bōkan shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 傍観される ぼうかんされる bōkan sareru
Causative 傍観させる
傍観さす 		ぼうかんさせる
ぼうかんさす 		bōkan saseru
bōkan sasu
Potential 傍観できる ぼうかんできる bōkan dekiru
Volitional 傍観しよう ぼうかんしよう bōkan shiyō
Negative 傍観しない ぼうかんしない bōkan shinai
Negative continuative 傍観せず ぼうかんせず bōkan sezu
Formal 傍観します ぼうかんします bōkan shimasu
Perfective 傍観した ぼうかんした bōkan shita
Conjunctive 傍観して ぼうかんして bōkan shite
Hypothetical conditional 傍観すれば ぼうかんすれば bōkan sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  3. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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