債

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See also: 债
債 U+50B5, 債
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-50B5
← 傴
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 傶 →

Translingual

Han character

債 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+11, 13 strokes, cangjie input 人手一金 (OQMC), four-corner 25286, composition ⿰亻責)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 114, character 26
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1022
  • Dae Jaweon: page 244, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 207, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+50B5

Chinese

trad. 債
simp. 债
alternative forms 責／责

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 債
s05920
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (朿) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
債 *ʔsreːɡs, *ʔsreːɡ
積 *ʔseɡs, *ʔseɡ
刺 *sʰeɡs, *sʰeɡ
莿 *sʰeːɡs, *raːds
㓨 *sʰeɡs
朿 *sʰeɡs
漬 *zeɡs
耫 *zraːd, *zreːɡ
嘖 *ʔsraːɡ, *ʔsreːɡ, *zreːɡ
梀 *sreːɡ, *sʰloːɡ, *sloːɡ, *l̥ʰoɡ
捒 *sreːɡ, *sroɡs, *sroɡs
幘 *ʔsreːɡ
簀 *ʔsreːɡ
嫧 *ʔsreːɡ, *sʰreːɡ, *sʰeɡ
謮 *ʔsreːɡ
責 *ʔsreːɡ
皟 *sʰreːɡ
憡 *sʰreːɡ
策 *sʰreːɡ
筴 *sʰreːɡ, *kreːb, *keːb
拺 *sʰreːɡ, *sreːɡ
賾 *zreːɡ
鰿 *zreːɡ, *ʔseɡ
擌 *sreːɡ
蹟 *ʔseɡ
襀 *ʔseɡ
磧 *sʰeɡ
洓 *sʰeɡ
績 *ʔseːɡ
勣 *ʔseːɡ
樍 *ʔseːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ʔsreːɡs, *ʔsreːɡ): semantic 亻 + phonetic 責 (OC *ʔsreːɡ).

Etymology

Cognate with 責 (OC *ʔsreːɡ, “to request; to hold responsible”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • chè/chèe - vernacular;
  • chài - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 債
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂai⁵¹/
Harbin /t͡sai⁵³/
/ʈ͡ʂai⁵³/
Tianjin /t͡sai⁵³/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂɛ²¹/
Qingdao /ʈ͡ʂɛ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂai³¹²/
Xi'an /t͡sai⁴⁴/
Xining /t͡sɛ²¹³/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂɛ¹³/
Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂɛ¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡sai²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡sai³⁵/
Chengdu /t͡sai¹³/
Guiyang /t͡sai²¹³/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂæ²¹²/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂae⁴⁴/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂe̞⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sai⁴⁵/
Pingyao /t͡sæ³⁵/
Hohhot /t͡sɛ⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /t͡sa³⁵/
Suzhou /t͡sɑ⁵¹³/
Hangzhou /t͡se̞⁴⁴⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡sa⁴²/
Hui Shexian /t͡sa³²⁴/
/t͡sɛ³²⁴/
Tunxi /t͡sa⁴²/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sai⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /t͡sai⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sai⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sai⁵³/
Taoyuan /t͡sɑi⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sai³³/
Nanning /t͡sai³³/
Hong Kong /t͡sai³³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡sai²¹/
/t͡se²¹/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡sɑi²¹²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡sai³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡se²¹³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /t͡sai³⁵/
/t͡sɛ³⁵/
Rime
Character 債 債
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 莊 (18) 莊 (18)
Final (韻) 佳 (31) 麥 (119)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) II II
Fanqie 側賣切 側革切
Baxter tsreaH tsreak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ʃˠɛH/ /t͡ʃˠɛk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʈ͡ʂᵚæH/ /ʈ͡ʂᵚæk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ʃæiH/ /t͡ʃɐk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʈ͡ʂaɨjH/ /ʈ͡ʂəɨjk̚/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ʃɛH/ /t͡ʃɛk̚/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ʃaiH/ /t͡ʃæk̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ʈ͡ʂaiH/ /ʈ͡ʂæk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhài zhe
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zaai3 zak1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 債
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zhài
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsrɛH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s-tˁrek-s/
English debt

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 債 債
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 1744 1759
Phonetic
component 		朿 朿
Rime
group 		賜 錫
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		債 責
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔsreːɡs/ /*ʔsreːɡ/

Definitions

債

  1. debt; loan; liabilities (Classifier: 條／条 mn-t)
  2. (figurative) owed thing

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

債

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

  • Go-on: せ (se)
  • Kan-on: さい (sai, Jōyō)
  • Kun: かり (kari, 債り)

Compounds

Noun

債(さい) • (sai) 

  1. loan, debt

Korean

Hanja

債 (eum 채 (chae))

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Vietnamese

Han character

債: Hán Nôm readings: trái

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