傾く

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See also: 傾ぐ

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
かたむ(く)
Grade: S
kun'yomi

/katabuku//katamuku/

Shift from katabuku (see Etymology 2), the medial /-b-/ loses plosive and becomes a nasal /-m-/.

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「傾く
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
傾く たむ
Imperative (命令形) 傾け たむ
Key constructions
Passive 傾かれる たむかれ
Causative 傾かせる たむかせ
Potential 傾ける たむけ
Volitional 傾こう たむこ
Negative 傾かない たむかない
Negative perfective 傾かなかった たむかなかった
Formal 傾きます たむきま
Perfective 傾いた たむいた
Conjunctive 傾いて たむいて
Hypothetical conditional 傾けば たむけば

Verb

(かたむ) (katamukuintransitive godan (stem (かたむ) (katamuki), past (かたむ)いた (katamuita))

Japanese verb pair
active (かたむ)ける
mediopassive (かたむ)
  1. to tilt, lean, incline
    Synonyms: 傾ぐ (katagu); 偏る, 片寄る (katayoru)
  2. to favor
  3. to wane
  4. to lose force, power, or momentum (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
  5. to set in the west, setting of the sun or moon
    太陽(たいよう)(かたむ)
    taiyō ga katamuku
    the sun sets
Conjugation
Derived terms
Idioms
Proverbs

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
かたぶ(く)
Grade: S
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese.

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “ (kata) + 吹く (fuku)?”

Pronunciation

Verb

(かたぶ) (katabukuintransitive godan (stem (かたぶ) (katabuki), past (かたぶ)いた (katabuita))

  1. (archaic) to tilt, lean
    ()(みち)や (あふひ)(かたぶ) ()(つき)(あめ)
    hi no michi ya, aoi katabuku, satsuki-ame
    The sun's way: hollyhocks turn toward it through all the rain of May.[2]
    Synonym: 傾ぐ (katagu)
  2. (archaic) to think something strange or odd
  3. (archaic) to set in the west, said of the sun or moon
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 17, poem 3955:
      , text here
      奴婆多麻乃(ぬばたまの)欲波布氣奴良之(よはふけぬらし)多末久之氣(たまくしげ)敷多我美夜麻尓(ふたがみやまに)(つき)加多夫伎奴(かたぶきぬ) [Man'yōgana]
      ぬばたま()()けぬらし(たま)(くし)()二上山(ふたがみやま)(つき)かたぶきぬ [Modern spelling]
      nubatama no yo wa fukenurashi tama-kushige futagami-yama ni tsuki katabukinu
      It seems that the night, as pitch-black jade, has deepened. The moon has declined over mountain.[3]
    • 1086, Goshūi Wakashū (book 12, poem 680; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 59)
      やすらはで()なましものを()()けてかたぶくまでの(つき)()しかな
      yasura wa de ne na mashi mono o sayo fukete katabuku made no tsuki o mishi kana
      I should not have waited. It would have been better to have slept and dreamed, than to have watched night pass, and this slow moon sink.[4]
  4. (archaic) to lose force, power, or momentum (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
    • 711–712, Kojiki, poem 106:
      意富美夜能(おほみやの)袁登都波多傳(をとつはたで)須美(すみ)加多夫祁理(かたぶけり) [Man'yōgana]
      大宮(おほみや)(をと)(はた)()(すみ)(かたぶ)けり [Modern spelling]
      ōmiya no oto tsu hatade sumi katabukeri
      At the great palace yonder eaveline's comets are slumping to the ground.[5]
  5. to favor
  6. to blame; to criticize (US)/criticise (UK) (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
    Synonym: 非難する (hinan suru)
Conjugation
Derived terms

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
かぶ(く)
Grade: S
irregular

From (kabu, head) + (-ku, verbal suffix).

The kanji is jukujikun (熟字訓), likely from the tilt sense. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Verb

(かぶ) (kabukuintransitive godan (stem (かぶ) (kabuki), past (かぶ)いた (kabuita))

  1. (archaic) to tilt one's head
  2. (archaic) to dress or act in a strange or eccentric way to attract one's attention
  3. (archaic) to perform kabuki
Conjugation
Derived terms

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ Harold Gould Henderson (2012) Intro to Haiku: An Anthology of Poems and Poets from Basho to Shiki, Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, →ISBN
  3. ^ Alexander Vovin (2015) Man’yōshū (Book 17): A New English Translation Containing the Original Text, Kana Transliteration, Romanization, Glossing and Commentary, BRILL, →ISBN, page 88
  4. ^ Kenneth Rexroth (1964) One Hundred Poems from the Japanese, illustrated edition, New Directions Publishing, →ISBN, page 9
  5. ^ Edwin A. Cranston (1998) The Gem-Glistening Cup (Volume 1 of A Waka Anthology), illustrated, reprint edition, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 64