億

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See also: 亿
億 U+5104, 億
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5104
← 儃
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 儅 →

Translingual

Han character

億 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+13, 15 strokes, cangjie input 人卜廿心 (OYTP), four-corner 20236, composition ⿰亻意)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 118, character 27
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1178
  • Dae Jaweon: page 252, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 227, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+5104

Chinese

trad. 億
simp. 亿*
Wikipedia has an article on:

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 億
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Bronze inscriptions

b12362

b15389

Small seal script

s05812

s07653

Transcribed ancient scripts

L28411

L28412

L28413

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (意) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
噫 *qrɯːɡs, *qɯ
譩 *qɯ, *qɯʔ, *qɯl
醷 *qɯʔ, *qɯɡ
意 *qɯɡs
鷾 *qɯɡs
憶 *qɯɡ
億 *qɯɡ
臆 *qɯɡ
繶 *qɯɡ
澺 *qɯɡ
薏 *qɯɡ
檍 *qɯɡ
癔 *qɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯɡ) : semantic 人 + phonetic 意 (OC *qɯɡs).

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 億
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 蒸 (134)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 於力切
Baxter 'ik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔɨk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔɨk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔiek̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔik̚/
Li
Rong 		/ʔiək̚/
Wang
Li 		/ĭək̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʔi̯ək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jik1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 億
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔik ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔ(r)ək/
English 100000

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 億
Reading # 1/1
No. 15157
Phonetic
component 		意
Rime
group 		職
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		憶
Old
Chinese 		/*qɯɡ/

Definitions

億

  1. hundred million (100,000,000) (sometimes written as 1,0000,0000)
  2. † hundred thousand (100,000)
  3. † peaceful; stable
  4. † brimming; plentiful; abundant
  5. † Alternative form of 臆 (yì, “chest”)
  6. † Alternative form of 臆 (yì, “to guess; to estimate; to surmise”)
  7. a surname

See also

Chinese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 106 108 1012
Normal
(小寫／小写) 		〇, 零, 空 一, 蜀 二, 兩／两 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 百 千 萬／万,
十千 (Malaysia, Singapore) 		百萬／百万,
桶(Philippines),
面桶 (Philippines) 		億／亿 兆 (Taiwan)
萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)
Financial
(大寫／大写) 		零 壹 貳／贰 參／叁 肆 伍 陸／陆 柒 捌 玖 拾 佰 仟

Compounds

Japanese

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja

Kanji

億

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology

Kanji in this term
億
おく
Grade: 4
on’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

億(おく) • (oku) 

  1. a hundred million, 108

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Second edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 億 (MC 'ik).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

億 (eumhun 억 억 (eok eok))

  1. Hanja form? of 억 (“a hundred million, 108”).

Compounds

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

億: Hán Việt readings: ức
億: Nôm readings: tỉ, ức

Noun

億

  1. chữ Hán form of ức (“a hundred thousand”).
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