儕

儕 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+14, 16 strokes, cangjie input 人卜難 (OYX), four-corner 2022₃, composition ⿰亻齊)

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 119, character 38
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1227
• Dae Jaweon: page 253, character 14
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 231, character 14
• Unihan data for U+5115

Historical forms of the character 儕
Bronze inscriptions b12298 b12299 Small seal script s05750
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *zriːl) : semantic 人 + phonetic 齊 (OC *zliːl, *zliːls).

From 齊 (OC *zliːl, *zliːls).

儕

1. ^† fellows; associates; company; companion
2. ^† to make (two people) become a pair; to make people marry
3. ^† together; with each other

Possibly related to Proto-Tai *ʑaːjᴬ (“man; male”) (Luo and Deng, 1995; Li, 1997).

儕

1. (Hakka, Central Min, usually in compounds) person
   • 2020, 羅文裕 [Wing] (lyrics and music), “哥哥留下來的吉他”, in 當太陽升起時‎, performed by 羅文裕 [Wing]:

     哥哥 留下來的吉他

     阿哥儕　留下來个吉他 [Sixian Hakka, trad.]
     阿哥侪　留下来个吉他 [Sixian Hakka, simp.]

     â-kô-sà, liù hâ-lòi e kí-tá [Pha̍k-fa-sṳ]

     My brother, the guitar you left me

2. (Hakka) Classifier for people.

   • 食个人，婦人家㧯細人仔以外，約有五千儕。 [Sixian Hakka, trad.]
     食个人，妇人家㧯细人仔以外，约有五千侪。 [Sixian Hakka, simp.]

     From: 現代臺灣客語譯本 (Today's Taiwan Hakka Version), 馬太福音 (Matthew) 14:21

     Sṳ̍t ke ngìn, fu-ngìn-kâ lâu se-ngìn-è yî-ngoi, yok yû ńg-chhiên sà. [Pha̍k-fa-sṳ]

     And they that had eaten were about five thousand men, beside women and children.

Likely a development from 全. The use of the glyph 儕／侪 (chái) was first attested in writing in the Ming Dynasty, in The Mountain Songs (山歌) by Feng Menglong as a sound-borrowing.

Alternatively, Shen (2017) posits that this sense might be a grammaticalisation of Etymology 1.

儕

1. (Northern Wu) all; completely; each and every one out of a determinate quantity; always; under all circumstances

   勿怪浦東咾外灘，儕老嗲個。 [Shanghainese, trad.]
   勿怪浦东咾外滩，侪老嗲个。 [Shanghainese, simp.]

   ⁸veq-kua ⁵phu-ton-lau ⁶nga-the ⁶ze ⁶lau ⁵tia-gheq [Wugniu]

   Be it Pudong or the Bund, they are both very pretty.

   人家儕來哉。 [Suzhounese, trad.]
   人家侪来哉。 [Suzhounese, simp.]

   ⁶gnin₂-ka₁ ²ze-le₂-tse₀ [Wugniu]

   Everyone's here.

   • 大多數貓儕有綠眼睛。 [Shanghainese, trad.]
     大多数猫侪有绿眼睛。 [Shanghainese, simp.]

     From: 2007, Xu Liejiong, 《上海話「儕」與普通話「都」的異同》

     ⁶da-tu-su ¹mau ⁶ze ⁶yeu ⁸loq-nge-cin [Wugniu]

     Most cats have in common their green eyes.

   • 城裡向各店家。我儕問到個。 [Shanghainese, trad.]
     城里向各店家。我侪问到个。 [Shanghainese, simp.]

     From: 1908, 《土話指南》

     Each and every shop in the city; I have asked all of them.

   • 天浪太陽月亮，年年才是一樣。 [Suzhounese, trad.]
     天浪太阳月亮，年年才是一样。 [Suzhounese, simp.]

     From: 1949, 倪海曙 , 《蘇州話詩經》——〈天浪太陽月亮〉

     ¹thie-laon₆ ¹tha₅-yan₂ ⁸ngeq-³lian₆ ²gnie-gnie₂ ²ze ⁶zy ⁷iq-³yan₆ [Wugniu]

     The sun and the moon in the sky, always are the same year after year.

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 㑪)

1. fellow
2. together

• Go-on: せい (sei)
• Kan-on: さい (sai)
• Kan’yō-on: ぜ (ze)
• Kun: ともがら (tomogara, 儕)

儕 (eum 제 (je))

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儕: Hán Nôm readings: sài

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