元年

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Chinese

primary; first; fundamental
primary; first; fundamental; dollar; (dynasty)
 
 year
simp. and trad.
(元年) 		元 年

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 元 年
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 疑 (31) 泥 (8)
Final (韻) 元 (66) 先 (85)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Open
Division (等) III IV
Fanqie 愚袁切 奴顚切
Baxter ngjwon nen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ŋʉɐn/ /nen/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ŋʷiɐn/ /nen/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ŋiuɐn/ /nɛn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ŋuan/ /nɛn/
Li
Rong 		/ŋiuɐn/ /nen/
Wang
Li 		/ŋĭwɐn/ /nien/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ŋi̯wɐn/ /nien/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yuán nián
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jyun4 nin4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 元 年
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yuán nián
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ngjwon › ‹ nen ›
Old
Chinese 		/*o/ (< nasal + uvular) /*C.nˁi/
English head; first harvest; year

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 元 年
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 16145 9482
Phonetic
component 		元 秊
Rime
group 		元 眞
Rime
subdivision 		3 2
Corresponding
MC rime 		元
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋon/ /*niːŋ/
Notes 同秊

Noun

元年

  1. (historical) first year of an imperial reign
  2. (calendar) first year (of any period)

Synonyms

  • (first year of an imperial reign): (literary) 始年 (shǐnián)
  • (first year of any period): (literary) 始年 (shǐnián)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
元 年
がん
Grade: 2 		ねん
Grade: 1
kan'yōon goon
 元年 on Japanese Wikipedia

Pronunciation

Noun

元(がん)年(ねん) • (gannen) 

  1. (monarchy) the first year of a calendar era, especially an East Asian imperial reign
    紀(き)元(げん)元(がん)年(ねん)
    Kigen gannen
    1 CE
    洪(こう)武(ぶ)元(がん)年(ねん)
    Kōbu gannen
    Hongwu 1 (1368)
    平(へい)成(せい)元(がん)年(ねん)
    Heisei gannen
    Heisei 1 (1989)
    令(れい)和(わ)元(がん)年(ねん)
    Reiwa gannen
    Reiwa 1 (2019)
    光(こう)武(ぶ)元(がん)年(ねん)
    Kōbu gannen
    Gwangmu 1 (1897)
    嘉(か)隆(りゅう)元(がん)年(ねん)
    Karyū gannen
    Gia Long 1 (1802)

Usage notes

The first year of an imperial era is strictly 元年, not *一年. Later years are simply 二年 (“2”), 三年 (“3”), etc.

References

  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
  1. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
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