共同

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Chinese

all together; in while; to share
all together; in while; to share; common; general; together; total
 
like; same; similar
like; same; similar; together; alike; with
 
simp. and trad.
(共同) 		共 同

Pronunciation

Adjective

共同

  1. (attributive) mutual; common; joint; collaborative
    共同理想  ―  gòngtóng lǐxiǎng  ―  common ideals

Adverb

共同

  1. together; jointly; in collaboration; with joint efforts
    共同努力  ―  gòngtóng nǔlì  ―  to work together

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (共同):

Japanese

Kanji in this term
共 同
きょう
Grade: 4 		どう
Grade: 2
on’yomi

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

共(きょう)同(どう) • (kyōdō) 

  1. cooperation; collaboration
    日本(にほん)は今年(ことし)、米韓共同軍事演習(べいかんきょうどうぐんじえんしゅう)に参加(さんか)した。
    Nihon wa kotoshi, beikan kyōdō gunji enshū ni sanka shita.
    Japan participated in the US-Korea military drills this year.
Antonyms

Verb

共(きょう)同(どう)する • (kyōdō suru) suru (stem 共(きょう)同(どう)し (kyōdō shi), past 共(きょう)同(どう)した (kyōdō shita))

  1. to cooperate, to collaborate
Conjugation
Conjugation of "共同する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 共同し きょうどうし kyōdō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 共同し きょうどうし kyōdō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 共同する きょうどうする kyōdō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 共同する きょうどうする kyōdō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 共同すれ きょうどうすれ kyōdō sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 共同せよ¹
共同しろ² 		きょうどうせよ¹
きょうどうしろ² 		kyōdō seyo¹
kyōdō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 共同される きょうどうされる kyōdō sareru
Causative 共同させる
共同さす 		きょうどうさせる
きょうどうさす 		kyōdō saseru
kyōdō sasu
Potential 共同できる きょうどうできる kyōdō dekiru
Volitional 共同しよう きょうどうしよう kyōdō shiyō
Negative 共同しない きょうどうしない kyōdō shinai
Negative continuative 共同せず きょうどうせず kyōdō sezu
Formal 共同します きょうどうします kyōdō shimasu
Perfective 共同した きょうどうした kyōdō shita
Conjunctive 共同して きょうどうして kyōdō shite
Hypothetical conditional 共同すれば きょうどうすれば kyōdō sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

Etymology 2

From 共同通信社 (Kyōdō Tsūshinsha, “Kyodo News”).

Pronoun

共(きょう)同(どう) • (Kyōdō) 

  1. Kyodo News, Short for 共同通信社.

References

  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja in this term
共同

Noun

共同 • (gongdong) (hangeul 공동)

  1. Hanja form? of 공동 (“commonality”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
共同

Noun

共同

  1. chữ Hán form of cộng đồng (“community”).
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