凍

Hello, you have come here looking for the meaning of the word 凍. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word 凍, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say 凍 in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word 凍 you have here. The definition of the word 凍 will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of凍, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
See also: 冻
凍 U+51CD, 凍
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51CD
← 凌
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 凎 →

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

凍 (Kangxi radical 15, 冫+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 戈一木田 (IMDW), four-corner 35196, composition ⿰冫東)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 132, character 46
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1670
  • Dae Jaweon: page 297, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 298, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+51CD

Chinese

trad. 凍
simp. 冻

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (東) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
東 *toːŋ
菄 *toːŋ
鶇 *toːŋ
倲 *toːŋ
涷 *toːŋ, *toːŋs
蝀 *toːŋ, *toːŋʔ
凍 *toːŋ, *toːŋs
鯟 *toːŋ
崠 *toːŋ
埬 *toːŋ
棟 *toːŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *toːŋ, *toːŋs) : semantic 冫 + phonetic 東 (OC *toːŋ).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • tàng - vernacular;
  • tòng - literary.
Note:
  • dang3 - vernacular;
  • dong3 - literary.
Rime
Character 凍 凍
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 端 (5) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 東 (1) 東 (1)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I I
Fanqie 德紅切 多貢切
Baxter tuwng tuwngH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tuŋ/ /tuŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tuŋ/ /tuŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tuŋ/ /tuŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/təwŋ/ /təwŋH/
Li
Rong 		/tuŋ/ /tuŋH/
Wang
Li 		/tuŋ/ /tuŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/tuŋ/ /tuŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		dōng dòng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		dung1 dung3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 凍
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		dòng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tuwngH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tˁoŋ-s/
English freeze

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 凍 凍
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 2441 2447
Phonetic
component 		東 東
Rime
group 		東 東
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		東 涷
Old
Chinese 		/*toːŋ/ /*toːŋs/

Definitions

凍

  1. cold; (of weather) chilly
  2. to freeze
  3. jelly
  4. a surname

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 冷 (“cold”)
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 冷, 寒冷 weather
Mandarin Beijing 冷
Taiwan 冷
Yantai (Muping) 冷
Jinan 冷
Luoyang 冷
Wanrong 冷
Xi'an 冷
Yinchuan 冷
Wuhan 冷, 冷凊 weather
Chengdu 冷, 凊 very cold
Guilin 冷
Liuzhou 冷, 凊
Yangzhou 冷
Hefei 冷
Singapore 冷
Cantonese Guangzhou 凍, 冷
Hong Kong 凍, 冷 weather
Taishan 冷
Yangjiang 凍, 冷 weather
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 凍
Singapore (Guangfu) 凍
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 凍
Gan Nanchang 冷
Lichuan 冷
Hakka Meixian 冷
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 冷, 寒
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 冷, 寒人
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 冷
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 冷, 寒
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 冷, 寒
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 冷, 寒
Huizhou Jixi 冷, 凍
Jin Taiyuan 冷
Northern Min Jian'ou 凊, 鎮 very cold
Eastern Min Fuzhou 凊, 凍
Southern Min Xiamen 冷, 凊, 寒 weather
Quanzhou 冷, 凊, 寒
Shishi 寒
Zhangzhou 冷, 凊, 寒
Zhao'an 寒
Dongshan 寒
Taipei 冷, 凊, 寒
Penang (Hokkien) 冷, 寒 weather, 凊
Singapore (Hokkien) 冷, 寒 weather
Manila (Hokkien) 冷, 寒, 凊
Chaozhou 凝, 寒 weather, 凊
Shantou 凝, 寒, 凊, 冷
Shantou (Chenghai) 凝, 凊
Shantou (Chaoyang) 凝
Jieyang 凝, 凊
Singapore (Teochew) 凝
Wenchang 寒
Qionghai 寒
Singapore (Hainanese) 凊, 寒 weather
Wu Shanghai 冷
Shanghai (Chongming) 冷
Suzhou 冷, 凍 weather
Danyang 冷
Hangzhou 冷
Ningbo 冷
Wenzhou 冷, 凍
Lishui 冷
Jinhua 冷
Yushan 凊
Xiang Changsha 冷, 凊 very cold
Shuangfeng 冷, 凊 very cold

Compounds

Descendants

  • → Old Turkic: dong (frozen)

Japanese

Kanji

凍

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. frozen

Readings

Compounds

Related terms

Korean

Hanja

凍 (eumhun 얼 동 (eol dong))

  1. Hanja form? of 동 (“freeze”).
  2. Hanja form? of 동 (“cold, congeal”).
  3. Hanja form? of 동 (“jelly”).

Vietnamese

Han character

凍: Hán Nôm readings: đống, đông, gióng, rúng, đóng

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia