凡

Stroke order

凡 (Kangxi radical 16, 几+1, 3 strokes, cangjie input 竹弓戈 (HNI), four-corner 7721₀, composition ⿵几丶)

• 𠆩, 𪞖, 㕨, 𪢵, 𫰉, 𭒺, 帆, 𫶿, 忛, 汎, 䏎, 杋, 𬂢, 𤆘, 𤖫, 𤜦, 㺬, 𤬨, 𡴉, 𥃵, 矾, 𬗄, 舤, 舧, 䖠, 訉, 𨈔, 軓, 𨟱, 釩(钒), 𨥵, 𠙜, 𩖛, 𩚑, 䭵, 𣔗, 𢔫, 骪, 𠔮, 𠥷, 𬹐, 𣋰, 𨙮, 𩾨
• 𪜠, 㞩, 竼, 芃, 𠘻, 𭴄, 𭃓, 𠫨, 梵, 𤈺, 𫷵, 𪎒, 𩬰, 䴟, 𠙩, 𠙮, 𠙱, 𮚝
• 風, 鳳 (originally contain 凡)

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 134, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1739
• Dae Jaweon: page 299, character 10
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 276, character 3
• Unihan data for U+51E1

Historical forms of the character 凡
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) – a plate, a flat dish. See also 風 and 同. Unrelated to 几.

Borrowed for abstract meanings. Another character 盤 (OC *baːn) was created to refer to the original word.

As an alternative, a bucket. If the character represents a bucket, part of its original meaning could be preserved in 同 and in turn in 筒 (OC *doːŋ, *doːŋs, “bucket”).

According to Schuessler (2007), Sino-Tibetan in origin; compare Mizo pum (“whole; all”), Burmese ဘုံ (bhum, “common, public, communal”). See also 法 (OC *pqab, “law”), which may be related, as well as 範 (OC *bomʔ, “pattern, model”).

凡

1. in general; every, all, any; indicates that the statement applies generally, to all cases.

   • 凡為人子之禮：冬溫而夏凊，昏定而晨省，在醜夷不爭。
     凡为人子之礼：冬温而夏凊，昏定而晨省，在丑夷不争。

     From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE

     Fán wèi rénzǐ zhī lǐ: dōng wēn ér xià qìng, hūn dìng ér chén xǐng, zài chǒuyí bù zhēng.

     For all sons it is the rule: In winter, to warm , and to cool it in summer; in the evening, to adjust everything , and to inquire in the morning; and, when with their companions, not to quarrel.

   • 凡被造的，沒有一樣不是藉著他造的。
     凡被造的，没有一样不是借着他造的。

     From: 新標點和合本 (Chinese Union Version with New Punctuation), 約翰福音 (John) 1:3

     Fán bèi zào de, méiyǒu yīyàng bùshì jièzhe tā zào de.

     Without him was not any thing made that was made.

2. altogether; in total (of numbers)

   • 君一位，卿一位，大夫一位，上士一位，中士一位，下士一位，凡六等。

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE

     Jūn yī wèi, qīng yī wèi, dàfū yī wèi, shàngshì yī wèi, zhōngshì yī wèi, xiàshì yī wèi, fán liù děng.

     The Ruler again constituted one dignity; the Chief Minister one; the Great Officers one; the Scholars of the First Class one; those of the Middle Class one; and those of the Lowest Class one - altogether six degrees of dignity.

3. ordinary; commonplace

   非凡  ―  fēifán  ―  extraordinary

   凡人  ―  fánrén  ―  common people

4. worldly; mortal; earthly
5. (literary) outline; gist
6. a surname

• (antonym(s) of “ordinary”): 偉 / 伟 (wěi) (extraordinary)

凡

1. (music) Kunqu gongche notation for the note fa (4).

   Synonym: 反 (Cantonese opera)

• “凡”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

(Jōyō kanji)

1. in general, by and large
2. ordinary, common, mediocre
3. outline, gist

• Go-on: ぼん (bon, Jōyō)^{←ぼん (bon, historical)←ぼむ (bomu, ancient)}
• Kan-on: はん (han, Jōyō ^†)^{←はん (fan, historical)←はむ (famu, ancient)}
• Kun: おお (ō, 凡)^{←おほ (ofo, 凡, historical)}、おおし (ōshi, 凡)^{←おほし (ofosi, 凡, historical)}、おおよそ (ōyoso, 凡)^{←おほよそ (ofoyoso, 凡, historical)}、およそ (oyoso, 凡そ)、すべて (subete, 凡て)
• Nanori: おおち (ōchi)^{←おほち (ofoti, historical)}、おし (oshi)、ただし (tadashi)、ちか (chika)、つね (tsune)、なみ (nami)、ひろし (hiroshi)

*/bɨəm/ → /bomʉ/ → /boɴ/

From Middle Chinese 凡 (MC bjom).

• (Tokyo) ぼん (Atamadaka – )
• IPA^(key):

凡(ぼん) • (bon) -na (adnominal 凡(ぼん)な (bon na), adverbial 凡(ぼん)に (bon ni))

1. mediocre, ordinary

   Antonym: 非凡 (hibon)

• 凡(ぼん)ミス (bon misu)

凡(ぼん) • (bon) 

1. mediocrity

   Antonym: 非凡 (hibon)

/opo/ → /ofo/ → /oho/ → /oː/

From Old Japanese.

Cognate with 大 (ō, “great, large”), and the oho- element in おほほし (ohohoshi, “unclear, indistinct; depressed, gloomy; stupid, imbecilic”).

Historically also realized as obo in old texts, and cognate with the obo- element in 朧 (oboro, “hazy, vague, dim, indistinct”).

• IPA^(key):

凡(おお) • (ō) ^{←おほ (ofo)?†}-nari

1. (archaic) dim, faint

   Synonym: 仄か (honoka)

   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 2, poem 219:
     , text here

     天(そら)數(かぞふ)凡津(おほつの)子之(こが)相(あひし)日(ひに)於保(おほ)尓(に)見(み)敷(しか)者(ば)今(いま)叙(ぞ)悔(くやしき)

     空数(そらかぞ)ふ大(おほ)津(つ)の子(こ)が逢(あ)ひし日(ひ)におぼに見(み)しかば今(いま)ぞ悔(くや)しき

     sora kazou Ōtsu no ko ga aishi hi ni oboni mishikaba ima zo kuyashiki

     (please add an English translation of this example)

2. (archaic) moderate

   Synonym: いい加減 (iikagen)

   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 14, poem 3535:
     , text here

     於能我乎遠(おのがをを)於保(おほ)尓奈於毛比曽(になおもひそ)尓波尓多知(にはにたち)恵麻須我可良尓(ゑますがからに)古麻尓安布毛能乎(こまにあふものを)

     己(おの)が命(を)をおほにな思(おも)ひそ庭(には)に立(た)ち笑(ゑ)ますがからに駒(こま)に逢(あ)ふものを

     onoga o o ōni na omoi so niwa ni tachi emasu ga kara ni koma ni au mono o

     (please add an English translation of this example)

3. (archaic) mediocre, ordinary

   Synonyms: 普通 (futsū), 平凡 (heibon)

   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 6, poem 965:
     , text here

     凡(おほ)有(なら)者(ば)左毛右毛将為乎(かもかもせむを)恐(かしこみ)跡(と)振痛袖(ふりたきそで)乎(を)忍(しのび)而(て)有(ある)香聞(かも)

     おほならばかもかもせむを畏(かしこ)みと振(ふ)りたき袖(そで)を忍(しの)びてあるかも

     ōnaraba ka mo ka mo semu o kashikomi to furitaki sode o shinobite aru ka mo

     (please add an English translation of this example)

4. (archaic) 大: large, big; roomy, loose

• 朧(おぼろ) (oboro, “hazy”)

From Old Japanese.

Appears to be a lexicalized adverbial use of the 終止形 (shūshikei, “terminal form”) of classical adjective 多し (ōshi, “many”, modern 多い (ōi), same opo → ofo → oho → ō root).

Alternatively, might be adjective stem ō + conjunctive particle し (shi).

• IPA^(key):

凡(おおし) • (ōshi) ^{←おほし (ofosi)?}

1. about, generally, in general

   Synonyms: 凡そ (oyoso), 大体 (daitai)

• 凡(おおし)河(こ)内(うち) (Ōshikōchi, a surname)

凡 (eumhun 무릇 범 (mureut beom))

1. hanja form^? of 범 (“all, any, every”)
2. hanja form^? of 범 (“ordinary, common”)

凡: Hán Nôm readings: phàm

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.