出づ

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Japanese

Kanji in this term

Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Etymology

⟨idu⟩/id͡zu//izu//idu//id͡zu/

From Old Japanese.[1][2][3]

The further shift of dzu to zu is attested for most modern Japanese dialects; see Yotsugana on Wikipedia.

Pronunciation

Verb

出づ(いず) (izuいづ (idu)?transitive or intransitive nidan

  1. (archaic, intransitive) to come out, go out
  2. (archaic, intransitive) to leave, depart
  3. (archaic, intransitive) to show up
  4. (archaic, intransitive) to become apparent
    • 905914, Kokin Wakashū (book 17, poem 877)
      (おそ)いづる(つき)にもあるかなあしひきの(やま)のあなたも()しむべらなり
      osoku izuru tsuki ni mo aru kana ashihiki no yama no anata mo oshimuberanari
      How slow to emerge the shining moon seems tonight! They, too, must feel loath to part from it―those others beyong the foot-wearying hills.[5]
  5. (archaic, transitive) to produce, pull out
  6. (archaic, transitive) to make apparent
    • 905914, Kokin Wakashū (book 2, poem 104)
      (はな)()れば(こころ)さへにぞうつりける(いろ)にはいでじ(ひと)もこそ()
      hana mireba kokoro sae ni zo utsurikeru iro ni ideji hito mo koso shire
      When I gaze on fading blossoms this heart, too, would fade with them: may my feelings not be seen lest others come to know.[6]

Usage notes

This is the ancient form, also used somewhat in Classical Japanese. The modern equivalents are 出る (deru, intransitive) and 出す (dasu, transitive).

Although the conjugation pattern is consistently described in references[1][2][3] as 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, lower bigrade conjugation), the existence of causative / transitive form 出だす (idasu) and compound forms such as (izumi, spring, water source, literally come out + water) and 出石 (Izushi, a place in Hyogo Prefecture, literally come out + stone) suggest an earlier 四段活用 (yodan katsuyō, quadrigrade conjugation) pattern.

Conjugation

Derived terms

Idioms

Proverbs

Suffix

出づ(いず) (-izuいづ (-idu)?

  1. (archaic, suffixed to the stem or continuative form of a verb) to appear to be doing (something)

Derived terms

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  4. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  5. ^ Helen Craig McCullough (1985) Kokin Wakashū: The First Imperial Anthology of Japanese Poetry: with Tosa Nikki and Shinsen Waka, illustrated, reprint edition, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 192
  6. ^ Haruo Shirane (2012) Traditional Japanese Literature: An Anthology, Beginnings to 1600, Abridged Edition (Translations from the Asian Classics), Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page 96

Old Japanese

Etymology

From Proto-Japonic *intu.

Verb

出づ (idu) (kana いづ)

  1. (intransitive) to come out, go out
    • 711–712, Kojiki, upper volume (Ōkuninushi no mikoto; poem 3):
      ...阿遠夜麻邇比賀迦久良婆奴婆多麻能用波伊傅那牟...
      ...awoyama ni pi₁ ga kakuraba nubatama no₂ yo₁ pa idenamu...
      When the sun hides in the green mountain, the pitch-black night is about to fall.
    • 720, Nihon Shoki, Emperor Sujin (eighth year of reign in winter, first to twentieth day of the twelfth month; poem 16):
      宇磨佐開瀰和能等能能阿佐妬珥毛伊弟低由介那瀰和能等能渡塢
      umasake₂ Mi₁wa no₂ to₂no₂ no₂ asato₁ ni mo idete yukana Mi₁wa no₂ to₂no₂to₁ wo
      Morning dawns at Miwa, famous for delicious sake: let us open the shrine portals and go out into the day, opening the shrine portals of Miwa.[1]
  2. (intransitive) to leave, depart
  3. (intransitive) to show up
  4. (intransitive) to become apparent
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 14, poem 3368:
      阿之我利能刀比能可布知爾伊豆流湯能余爾母多欲良爾故呂河伊波奈久爾
      Asigari no₂ To₁pi₁-no₂-kaputi ni iduru yu no₂ yo₂ ni mo tayo₁rani ko₁ro₂ ga ipanaku ni
      Like Ashigari’s riverside Tohi where the hot spring is able to be seen, never in this time she says anything bad .
  5. (transitive) to produce, pull out, to make apparent
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 11, poem 2432:
      云忌忌山川之當都心塞耐在
      ko₂to₂ ni idete ipaba yuyusimi₁ yamagapa no₂ tagi₁tu ko₂ko₂ro₂ wo sekiape₂te ari
      If I said out loud what moves my heart like the swift current of a mountain river, I would break a taboo.[2]

Conjugation

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Japanese: 出づ (izu)

Suffix

出づ (-idu) (kana いづ)

  1. (suffixed to the stem or continuative form of a verb) to make something apparent through the action of the preceding verb
    言ひいづ、取りいづ
    ipi₁idu, to₂riidu
    to say/speak out, to take out

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Jin'ichi Konishi (2017) Nicholas Teele, transl., Earl Roy Miner, editor, A History of Japanese Literature, Volume 1: The Archaic and Ancient Ages (Volume 4935 of Princeton Legacy Library), Princeton University Press, →ISBN, page 142
  2. ^ Herbert E. Plutschow (1990) Chaos and Cosmos: Ritual in Early and Medieval Japanese Literature (Volume 1 of Brill's Japanese Studies Library), BRILL, →ISBN, page 83