到来

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See also: 到來

Chinese

For pronunciation and definitions of 到来 – see 到來 (“to arrive; arrival; advent”).
(This term is the simplified form of 到來).
Notes:

Japanese

Kanji in this term
到 来
とう
Grade: S 		らい
Grade: 2
on’yomi
Alternative spelling
到來 (kyūjitai)

Etymology

From Middle Chinese compound 到來／到来 (tawH loj, literally “to arrive + to come”). Compare modern Mandarin reading dàolái, Cantonese dou3 lei4, Hakka to-lòi.

Pronunciation

Noun

到(とう)来(らい) • (tōrai) ←たうらい (taurai)?

  1. arrival
  2. beginning, start, advent
    混乱期(こんらんき)の到来(とうらい)
    konran-ki no tōrai
    the beginning of a chaotic period

Antonyms

Verb

到(とう)来(らい)する • (tōrai suru) ←たうらい (taurai)?suru (stem 到(とう)来(らい)し (tōrai shi), past 到(とう)来(らい)した (tōrai shita))

  1. to arrive
  2. to begin, to start
    登山(とざん)の時期(じき)が到来(とうらい)した。
    Tozan no jiki ga tōrai shita.
    The season of mountain climbing has begun.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "到来する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 到来し とうらいし tōrai shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 到来し とうらいし tōrai shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 到来する とうらいする tōrai suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 到来する とうらいする tōrai suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 到来すれ とうらいすれ tōrai sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 到来せよ¹
到来しろ² 		とうらいせよ¹
とうらいしろ² 		tōrai seyo¹
tōrai shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 到来される とうらいされる tōrai sareru
Causative 到来させる
到来さす 		とうらいさせる
とうらいさす 		tōrai saseru
tōrai sasu
Potential 到来できる とうらいできる tōrai dekiru
Volitional 到来しよう とうらいしよう tōrai shiyō
Negative 到来しない とうらいしない tōrai shinai
Negative continuative 到来せず とうらいせず tōrai sezu
Formal 到来します とうらいします tōrai shimasu
Perfective 到来した とうらいした tōrai shita
Conjunctive 到来して とうらいして tōrai shite
Hypothetical conditional 到来すれば とうらいすれば tōrai sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

Synonyms

References

  1. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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