剛強

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See also: 刚强

Chinese

hard; firm; strong
hard; firm; strong; just; barely; exactly
 
strength; force; power
strength; force; power; powerful; better
 
trad. (剛強)
simp. (刚强)

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/2
Initial () (28) (30)
Final () (101) (105)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () I III
Fanqie
Baxter kang gjang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kɑŋ/ /ɡɨɐŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/kɑŋ/ /ɡiɐŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/kɑŋ/ /ɡiɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kaŋ/ /gɨaŋ/
Li
Rong
/kɑŋ/ /ɡiaŋ/
Wang
Li
/kɑŋ/ /ɡĭaŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/kɑŋ/ /gi̯aŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
gāng qiáng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gong1 koeng4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
gāng qiáng
Middle
Chinese
‹ kang › ‹ gjang ›
Old
Chinese
/*kˁaŋ/ /*N-kaŋ/
English strong; hard strong

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/2
No. 3713 10318
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*klaːŋ/ /*ɡaŋ/
Notes

Adjective

剛強

  1. firm; staunch; unyielding

Synonyms