剛毅

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See also: 刚毅

Chinese

hard; firm; strong
hard; firm; strong; just; barely; exactly
 
perseverance
trad. (剛毅)
simp. (刚毅)

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial () (28) (31)
Final () (101) (20)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () I III
Fanqie
Baxter kang ngj+jH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kɑŋ/ /ŋɨiH/
Pan
Wuyun
/kɑŋ/ /ŋɨiH/
Shao
Rongfen
/kɑŋ/ /ŋiəiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kaŋ/ /ŋɨjH/
Li
Rong
/kɑŋ/ /ŋiəiH/
Wang
Li
/kɑŋ/ /ŋĭəiH/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/kɑŋ/ /ŋe̯iH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
gāng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gong1 ji6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
gāng
Middle
Chinese
‹ kang › ‹ ngjɨjH ›
Old
Chinese
/*kˁaŋ/ /*ə-s/
English strong; hard bold

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 3713 15115
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0 1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*klaːŋ/ /*ŋɯds/

Adjective

剛毅

  1. resolute; steadfast

Synonyms