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努. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
努, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
努 in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
努 you have here. The definition of the word
努 will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
努, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
Translingual
Han character
努 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 女水大尸 (VEKS), four-corner 47427, composition ⿱奴力)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 146, character 28
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2314
- Dae Jaweon: page 331, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 369, character 4
- Unihan data for U+52AA
Chinese
Glyph origin
|
|
Old Chinese
|
| 拿
|
*rnaː
|
| 拏
|
*rnaː
|
| 詉
|
*rnaː
|
| 蒘
|
*rnaː, *na
|
| 笯
|
*rnaː, *naː, *naːs
|
| 挐
|
*rnaː, *na
|
| 絮
|
*rnaːs, *nas, *snas, *nas
|
| 呶
|
*rnaːw
|
| 怓
|
*rnaːw
|
| 帑
|
*n̥ʰaːŋʔ, *naː
|
| 奴
|
*naː
|
| 砮
|
*naː, *naːʔ
|
| 駑
|
*naː
|
| 孥
|
*naː
|
| 努
|
*naːʔ
|
| 弩
|
*naːʔ
|
| 怒
|
*naːʔ, *naːs
|
| 袽
|
*na
|
| 帤
|
*na
|
| 女
|
*naʔ, *nas
|
| 籹
|
*naʔ
|
| 恕
|
*hnjas
|
| 如
|
*nja, *njas
|
| 茹
|
*nja, *njaʔ, *njas
|
| 洳
|
*nja, *njas
|
| 鴽
|
*nja
|
| 蕠
|
*nja
|
| 汝
|
*njaʔ
|
| 肗
|
*njaʔ
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *naːʔ) : semantic 力 (“strength”) + phonetic 奴 (OC *naː) – exert one’s strength.
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *nwar; cognate with Mizo nawr (“push, thrust, urge, compel, attack”) < nɔɔr & Mizo nawrh (“to sulk, to be displeased, disgruntled, offended”) < nuar ~ nɔrʔ ~ nɔrh, & Khami *nuar "get angry" (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
Note:
- Quanzhou:
- nǒ͘/ló͘ - literary;
- lǒ͘ - vernacular.
| Zhengzhang system (2003)
|
| Character
|
努
|
| Reading #
|
1/1
|
| No.
|
9606
|
Phonetic
component
|
女
|
Rime
group
|
魚
|
Rime
subdivision
|
0
|
Corresponding
MC rime
|
怒
|
Old
Chinese
|
/*naːʔ/
|
Definitions
努
- to exert; to strive; to make an effort
- 努力 ― nǔlì ― to make an effort
- to bulge; to pout
- (dialectal) to inure oneself through overexertion
- (Cantonese) to push something out of the body by contracting abdominal muscles to increase the pressure within the abdomen
- 努屎 [Cantonese] ― nou5 si2 ― to strain to poop
Compounds
Japanese
Kanji
努
(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)
Readings
Etymology 1
Middle Chinese 努 (nuoX)
Pronunciation
Affix
努 • (do)
- work, toil
Noun
努 • (do)
- the third of the Eight Principles of Yong
Hypernyms
Coordinate terms
Etymology 2
Nominalization of the classical Japanese verb 努む (tsutomu) (modern 努める (tsutomeru, “to work, to toil”)).
Pronunciation
Proper noun
努 • (Tsutomu)
- a male given name
References
Korean
Hanja
努 (eumhun 힘쓸 노 (himsseul no))
- Hanja form? of 노 (“exertion; striving; making an effort”).
Compounds
Vietnamese
Han character
努: Hán Nôm readings: nỗ
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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