努力

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Chinese

to exert; to strive power; force; strength
trad. (努力) 努 力
simp. #(努力) 努 力

Pronunciation

Verb

努力

  1. to make an effort; to strive; to endeavor; to work hard
    不懈努力  ―  bùxiè nǔlì  ―  to persevere; perseverance
    共同努力  ―  gòngtóng nǔlì  ―  to work together
    我會好好努力把我的博士讀完。 [MSC, trad.]
    我会好好努力把我的博士读完。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ huì hǎohǎo nǔlì bǎ wǒ de bóshì dúwán.
    I will work hard to finish my doctorate.
    要是現在不努力的話，將來會後悔的。 [MSC, trad.]
    要是现在不努力的话，将来会后悔的。 [MSC, simp.]
    Yàoshì xiànzài bù nǔlì dehuà, jiānglái huì hòuhuǐ de.
    If you don't work hard now, you'll regret it later on.
    我一直在嘗試努力，可結果總是不盡人意。 [MSC, trad.]
    我一直在尝试努力，可结果总是不尽人意。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ yīzhí zài chángshì nǔlì, kě jiéguǒ zǒngshì bùjìn rényì.
    I have been putting in a lot of effort, but the results are always less than satisfactory.

Synonyms

Adjective

努力

  1. hard-working; diligent; industrious
    一個非常努力的員工 [MSC, trad.]
    一个非常努力的员工 [MSC, simp.]
    yī ge fēicháng nǔlì de yuángōng
    a hardworking employee

Synonyms

Antonyms

Adverb

努力

  1. diligently; hard (with a great deal of effort)
    非常努力地工作  ―  fēicháng nǔlì de gōngzuò  ―  to work extremely hard

Noun

努力

  1. endeavor; ability; effort
    盡最大的努力／尽最大的努力  ―  jìn zuìdà de nǔlì  ―  to do all one can
    資質愚笨的人應加倍努力，方可獲致成功。 [MSC, trad.]
    资质愚笨的人应加倍努力，方可获致成功。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zīzhì yúbèn de rén yìng jiābèi nǔlì, fāng kě huòzhì chénggōng.
    People who are naturally clumsy should redouble their efforts in order to achieve success.

See also

Japanese

Kanji in this term
努 力
ど
Grade: 4 		りょく
Grade: 1
kan’on

Etymology

From Middle Chinese compound 努力 (MC nuX lik, literally “to exert + strength”). Compare modern Cantonese reading nou5 lik6 or Min Nan ló͘-le̍k.

Pronunciation

Noun

努(ど)力(りょく) • (doryoku) 

  1. an effort, an endeavor

Synonyms

Verb

努(ど)力(りょく)する • (doryoku suru) suru (stem 努(ど)力(りょく)し (doryoku shi), past 努(ど)力(りょく)した (doryoku shita))

  1. to endeavor, to make an effort
    彼(かれ)は試験(しけん)に合格(ごうかく)するために努力(どりょく)した。
    Kare wa shiken ni gōkaku suru tame ni doryoku shita.
    He worked hard to pass the exam.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "努力する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 努力し どりょくし doryoku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 努力し どりょくし doryoku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 努力する どりょくする doryoku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 努力する どりょくする doryoku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 努力すれ どりょくすれ doryoku sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 努力せよ¹
努力しろ² 		どりょくせよ¹
どりょくしろ² 		doryoku seyo¹
doryoku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 努力される どりょくされる doryoku sareru
Causative 努力させる
努力さす 		どりょくさせる
どりょくさす 		doryoku saseru
doryoku sasu
Potential 努力できる どりょくできる doryoku dekiru
Volitional 努力しよう どりょくしよう doryoku shiyō
Negative 努力しない どりょくしない doryoku shinai
Negative continuative 努力せず どりょくせず doryoku sezu
Formal 努力します どりょくします doryoku shimasu
Perfective 努力した どりょくした doryoku shita
Conjunctive 努力して どりょくして doryoku shite
Hypothetical conditional 努力すれば どりょくすれば doryoku sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

Synonyms

References

  1. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja in this term
努力

Noun

努力 • (noryeok) (hangeul 노력)

  1. Hanja form? of 노력 (“an effort, an endeavor”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
努力

Noun

努力

  1. chữ Hán form of nỗ lực (“great effort; endeavor”).

Verb

努力

  1. chữ Hán form of nỗ lực (“to strive; to endeavor”).
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