勝

See also: 胜

勝	U+52DD, 勝 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52DD

← 勜

CJK Unified Ideographs

勞 →

Translingual

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 148, character 31
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2409
Dae Jaweon: page 335, character 10
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2090, character 13
Unihan data for U+52DD

Chinese

trad.		勝
simp.		胜^*

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (朕) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
黱	*l'ɯːs
朕	*l'ɯmʔ
鰧	l'ɯmʔ, l'ɯːŋ
螣	l'ɯmʔ, l'ɯːŋ, *l'ɯːɡ
栚	*l'ɯmʔ
眹	*l'ɯnʔ
騰	*l'ɯːŋ
滕	*l'ɯːŋ
縢	*l'ɯːŋ
儯	*l'ɯːŋ
幐	l'ɯːŋ, l'ɯːŋs
藤	*l'ɯːŋ
謄	*l'ɯːŋ
膡	l'ɯːŋ, hljɯŋs, *lɯŋs
籐	*l'ɯːŋ
勝	hljɯŋ, hljɯŋs
蕂	*hljɯŋs
榺	*hljɯŋs
塍	*ɦljɯŋ
媵	ljɯŋs, lɯŋs
賸	ɦljɯŋs, lɯŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljɯŋ, *hljɯŋs) : phonetic 朕 (OC *l'ɯmʔ) + semantic 力 (“strength”).

Graphically, the character decomposes as 月 + 劵 (which gives rise to the simplified form 胜), though this is not the etymology.

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shèng, shēng

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄥˋ, ㄕㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sing¹
Eastern Min (BUC): sĭng
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): seng
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ¹sen

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shèng
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shèng
  - Wade–Giles: shêng⁴
  - Yale: shèng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shenq
  - Palladius: шэн (šɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɤŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; variant in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shēng
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sheng
  - Wade–Giles: shêng¹
  - Yale: shēng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheng
  - Palladius: шэн (šɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: sing¹
  - Yale: sīng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sing¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: xing¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɪŋ⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sĭng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: seng
  - Tâi-lô: sing
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sefng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /siɪŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /siɪŋ³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɪŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /siɪŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɪŋ⁴⁴/
Wu
- (Shanghai, Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ¹sen
  - MiniDict: sen^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹sen
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sən⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /sən⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: sying

Rime
Character	勝
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	蒸 (133)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	識蒸切
Baxter	sying
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕɨŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕɨŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕieŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕiŋ/
Li Rong	/ɕiəŋ/
Wang Li	/ɕĭəŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɕi̯əŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shēng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sing¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥əŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*hljɯŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	勝
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shēng
Middle Chinese	‹ sying ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥əŋ/
English	equal to, capable of
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be -t or -p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	勝
Reading #	1/2
No.	17127
Phonetic component	朕
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	升
Old Chinese	/*hljɯŋ/

Definitions

勝

to be able to bear; to be able to withstand
不勝負荷／不胜负荷 ― bùshēngfùhé ― unable to withstand the load
- 我欲乘風歸去，又恐瓊樓玉宇，高處不勝寒。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  我欲乘风归去，又恐琼楼玉宇，高处不胜寒。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 蘇軾《水調歌頭》; translation by Hugh Grigg
  Wǒ yù chéng fēng guīqù, yòu kǒng qiónglóuyùyǔ, gāochù bù shēng hán.
  I wish to ride the wind and return there, yet fear the jade towers; in a high dwelling one cannot bear the cold.
to be equal to; to match
exhaustively; entirely; completely
不可勝數／不可胜数 ― bùkěshēngshǔ ― too numerous to count
Alternative form of 升 (shēng, “unit of measure for grain volumes”)
Alternative form of 伸 (shēn, “to stretch”)

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): shèng (sheng⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄥˋ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): шын (šɨn, I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): sing³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): sṳn

(Meixian, Guangdong): sen⁴
Northern Min (KCR): se̿ng
Eastern Min (BUC): séng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): sèng

(Teochew, Peng'im): sêng³
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁵sen

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shèng
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shèng
  - Wade–Giles: shêng⁴
  - Yale: shèng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shenq
  - Palladius: шэн (šɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɤŋ⁵¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: шын (šɨn, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂəŋ²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: sing³
  - Yale: sing
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sing³
  - Guangdong Romanization: xing³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɪŋ³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳn
  - Hakka Romanization System: siin
  - Hagfa Pinyim: sin⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /sɨn⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: sen⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /sən⁵³/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: se̿ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /seiŋ³³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: séng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɛiŋ²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sèng
  - Tâi-lô: sìng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sexng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /siɪŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /siɪŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɪŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /siɪŋ¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɪŋ²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sêng³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sèng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /seŋ²¹³/
Wu
- (Shanghai, Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁵sen
  - MiniDict: sen^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²sen
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sən³⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /sən⁵²³/

Middle Chinese: syingH

Rime
Character	勝
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	蒸 (133)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	詩證切
Baxter	syingH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕɨŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕɨŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕieŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕiŋ^H/
Li Rong	/ɕiəŋ^H/
Wang Li	/ɕĭəŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɕi̯əŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shèng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sing³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥əŋ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*hljɯŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	勝
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shèng
Middle Chinese	‹ sying^H ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥əŋ-s/
English	overcome; surpass
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be -t or -p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	勝
Reading #	2/2
No.	17128
Phonetic component	朕
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	勝
Old Chinese	/*hljɯŋs/

Definitions

勝

to defeat; to win; to succeed; to be victorious
Synonym: 贏／赢 (yíng)

Antonym: 敗／败 (bài)

知可以戰與不可以戰者勝 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
知可以战与不可以战者胜 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
From: The Art of War, circa 5th century BCE, translation: Lionel Giles, modified
zhī kě yǐ zhàn yǔ bù kě yǐ zhàn zhě shèng
He will triumph who knows when to fight and when not to fight.
victory; success; triumph
to surpass; to prevail over; to outdo
to spread; to be popular; to be employed
to restrain; to check; to subdue; to bring under control
annihilated; destroyed; fallen (of nation or dynasty)
to bully; to place oneself over; to coerce; to subjugate
wonderful; excellent; outstanding
famed; of superior quality
scenic spots and historical sites; scenic attraction
(historical) a kind of splendid jewellery worn by ancient women
(historical) axle on a loom which holds the warp

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (勝):

→ Vietnamese: thắng (勝)

Japanese

Shinjitai	勝
Kyūjitai	勝󠄁 勝+`󠄁`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
	勝󠄃 勝+`󠄃`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
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