勤

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See also: 懃
勤 U+52E4, 勤
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52E4
← 勣
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 勥 →

勤 U+FA34, 勤
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA34
← 勉
 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 卑 →

勤 U+2F827, 勤
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F827
← 勉
 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 勺 →

Translingual

Han character

勤 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+11 in Chinese, 力+10 in Japanese, 13 strokes in Chinese, 12 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 廿一大尸 (TMKS), four-corner 44127, composition ⿰堇力 or ⿰𦰌力(J))

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 149, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2415
  • Dae Jaweon: page 336, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 378, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+52E4

Chinese

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.
 勤
2nd round simp. 𰅉

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (堇) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
囏 *krɯːn
螼 *kʰrɯnʔ, *kʰrɯns
堇 *ɡrɯn, *kɯnʔ
墐 *ɡrɯn, *ɡrɯns
𥎊 *ɡrɯn
僅 *ɡrɯns
瑾 *ɡrɯns
覲 *ɡrɯns
殣 *ɡrɯns
饉 *ɡrɯns
廑 *ɡrɯns
瘽 *ɡrɯns, *ɡɯn, *ɡɯnʔ
歏 *ɡrɯns
鄞 *ŋɡrɯn, *ŋɡɯn
謹 *kɯnʔ
槿 *kɯnʔ
漌 *kɯnʔ
慬 *kɯnʔ, *ɡɯn
勤 *ɡɯn
懃 *ɡɯn
懄 *ɡɯn

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯn) : phonetic 堇 (OC *ɡrɯn, *kɯnʔ) + semantic 力 (“strong”) – to work hard, to be diligent.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • keng5 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Chenghai;
  • kêng5 - Jieyang;
  • king5 - Chaoyang.
Rime
Character 勤
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 群 (30)
Final (韻) 欣 (57)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 巨斤切
Baxter gj+n
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɡɨn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɡɨn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɡiən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/gɨn/
Li
Rong 		/ɡiən/
Wang
Li 		/ɡĭən/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/gi̯ən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qín
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		kan4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 勤
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		qín
Middle
Chinese 		‹ gjɨn ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ər/
English toil, diligent, devoted

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 勤
Reading # 1/1
No. 6749
Phonetic
component 		堇
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		勤
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡɯn/

Definitions

勤

  1. industrious; diligent; attentive
    辛勤  ―  xīnqín  ―  hardworking
    勤於政事／勤于政事  ―  qínyú zhèngshì  ―  to be diligent in attending to government affairs
  2. (literary, or in compounds) laborious; hard; miserable; exhausting
  3. (literary, or in compounds) duties; service
    外勤  ―  wàiqín  ―  fieldwork
    執勤／执勤  ―  zhíqín  ―  to be on duty
  4. frequent (done or occurring often)
    勤洗手  ―  qín xǐshǒu  ―  wash hands frequently
  5. 80th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "laboring" (𝍕)
  6. a surname
Synonyms
  • (laborious):

Compounds

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 勤 – see 懃.
(This character is the simplified form of 懃).
Notes:

Japanese

Shinjitai 勤
Kyūjitai
[1]
勤
&#xFA34;
or
勤+&#xFE00;?
勤󠄁
勤+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
勤󠄃
勤+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

勤

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. diligence

Readings

Compounds

Compounds

Proper noun

勤(つとむ) • (Tsutomu) 

  1. a male given name

References

  1. ^ “勤”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024

Korean

Hanja

勤 (eumhun 부지런할 근 (bujireonhal geun))

  1. hanja form? of 근 (“industrious, diligent, attentive”)

Vietnamese

Han character

勤: Hán Nôm readings: cần, cùn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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