化石
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Chinese
to make into; to change into; ‑ization to make into; to change into; ‑ization; to ... ‑ize; to transform |
rock; stone; 10 pecks | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (化石) | 化 | 石 | |
| simp. #(化石) | 化 | 石 | |
| anagram | 石化 | ||
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): faa3 sek6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fa-sa̍k
- Eastern Min (BUC): huá-siŏh / huá-sĭk
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5ho-zaq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄕˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: huàshíh
- Wade–Giles: hua4-shih2
- Yale: hwà-shŕ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huahshyr
- Palladius: хуаши (xuaši)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xu̯ä⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: faa3 sek6
- Yale: fa sehk
- Cantonese Pinyin: faa3 sek9
- Guangdong Romanization: fa3 ség6
- Sinological IPA (key): /faː³³ sɛːk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fa-sa̍k
- Hakka Romanization System: fa sag
- Hagfa Pinyim: fa4 sag6
- Sinological IPA: /fa⁵⁵ sak̚⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: huá-siŏh / huá-sĭk
- Sinological IPA (key): /hua²¹³⁻⁵⁵ (s-)luoʔ⁵/, /hua²¹³⁻⁵⁵ (s-)liʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hòa-chio̍h
- Tâi-lô: huà-tsio̍h
- Phofsit Daibuun: hoarcioih
- IPA (Xiamen): /hua²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sioʔ⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /hua²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡siɤʔ⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /hua¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sioʔ⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /hua⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sioʔ²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /hua²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sioʔ¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hòa-se̍k
- Tâi-lô: huà-si̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: hoarsek
- IPA (Xiamen): /hua²¹⁻⁵³ siɪk̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: huê3 ziêh8 / huê3 zioh8
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huè tsie̍h / huè tsio̍h
- Sinological IPA (key): /hue²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sieʔ⁴/, /hue²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sioʔ⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Wu
Noun
化石
Derived terms
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 化 | 石 |
| か Grade: 3 |
せき Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi | |
Etymology
化 (ka, “to change into”) + 石 (seki, “stone”)
Pronunciation
Noun
化石 • (kaseki) ←くわせき (kwaseki)?
- a fossil
- petrifaction
- (metaphor, insult) out-of-date person, thing
Derived terms
- 化石化 (kasekika): fossilize
- 化石学 (kasekigaku): paleontology
- 化石層 (kasekisō): fossil bed
- 化石人類 (kaseki jinrui): fossil men
- 化石燃料 (kaseki nenryō): fossil fuel
- 化石類人猿 (kaseki ruijin'en): anthropoid fossil
- 微化石 (bikaseki): microfossil
- 糞化石 (funkaseki): coprolite, guano
- 示準化石 (jijun-kaseki): index fossil, key fossil
- 生痕化石 (seikon kaseki): trace fossil
- 生きた化石 (ikita kaseki): living fossil, relict
Verb
化石する • (kaseki suru) suru (stem 化石し (kaseki shi), past 化石した (kaseki shita))
- to fossilize
Conjugation
Conjugation of "化石する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 化石し | かせきし | kaseki shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 化石し | かせきし | kaseki shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 化石する | かせきする | kaseki suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 化石する | かせきする | kaseki suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 化石すれ | かせきすれ | kaseki sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 化石せよ¹ 化石しろ² |
かせきせよ¹ かせきしろ² |
kaseki seyo¹ kaseki shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 化石される | かせきされる | kaseki sareru | |
| Causative | 化石させる 化石さす |
かせきさせる かせきさす |
kaseki saseru kaseki sasu | |
| Potential | 化石できる | かせきできる | kaseki dekiru | |
| Volitional | 化石しよう | かせきしよう | kaseki shiyō | |
| Negative | 化石しない | かせきしない | kaseki shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 化石せず | かせきせず | kaseki sezu | |
| Formal | 化石します | かせきします | kaseki shimasu | |
| Perfective | 化石した | かせきした | kaseki shita | |
| Conjunctive | 化石して | かせきして | kaseki shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 化石すれば | かせきすれば | kaseki sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 化 | 石 |
Noun
Vietnamese
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 化 | 石 |
Noun
化石