北極熊
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北極熊
See also: 北极熊
Chinese
| the North Pole | bear; to scold; to rebuke | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (北極熊) | 北極 | 熊 | |
| simp. (北极熊) | 北极 | 熊 | |
Etymology
Compare Japanese 北極熊 (hokkyokuguma), Korean 북극곰 (Bukgeukgom), Vietnamese gấu Bắc Cực, all of which literally mean “arctic bear”.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): bak1 gik6 hung4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pet-khi̍t-yùng
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien, POJ): pak-ke̍k-hîm / pak-kia̍k-hîm
- (Teochew, Peng'im): bag4 gêg8 him5
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄟˇ ㄐㄧˊ ㄒㄩㄥˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: běijísyóng
- Wade–Giles: pei3-chi2-hsiung2
- Yale: běi-jí-syúng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: beeijyishyong
- Palladius: бэйцзисюн (bɛjczisjun)
- Sinological IPA (key): /peɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi³⁵ ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: bak1 gik6 hung4
- Yale: bāk gihk hùhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: bak7 gik9 hung4
- Guangdong Romanization: beg1 gig6 hung4
- Sinological IPA (key): /pɐk̚⁵ kɪk̚² hʊŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pet-khi̍t-yùng
- Hakka Romanization System: bedˋ kid iungˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: bed5 kid6 yung2
- Sinological IPA: /pet̚² kʰit̚⁵ i̯uŋ¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pet-khi̍t-yùng
- Hakka Romanization System: bedˋ kid (r)iungˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: bed5 kid6 yung2
- Sinological IPA: /pet̚² kʰit̚⁵ (j)i̯uŋ¹¹/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pak-ke̍k-hîm
- Tâi-lô: pak-ki̍k-hîm
- Phofsit Daibuun: pakkeghiim
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /pak̚³²⁻⁴ kiɪk̚⁴⁻³² him²³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /pak̚³²⁻⁴ kiɪk̚⁴⁻³² him²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /pak̚³²⁻⁵ kiɪk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ him¹³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pak-kia̍k-hîm
- Tâi-lô: pak-kia̍k-hîm
- Phofsit Daibuun: pakkiaghiim
- IPA (Quanzhou): /pak̚⁵⁻²⁴ kiak̚²⁴⁻² him²⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: bag4 gêg8 him5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pak ke̍k hîm
- Sinological IPA (key): /pak̚²⁻⁴ kek̚⁴⁻² him⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
Noun
北極熊
Synonyms
- 白熊 (báixióng)
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | ||
|---|---|---|
| 北 | 極 | 熊 |
| ほく > ほっ Grade: 2 |
きょく Grade: 4 |
くま > ぐま Grade: 4 |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 北極グマ |
Etymology
Compound of 北極 (Hokkyoku, “North Pole; Arctic”) + 熊 (kuma, “bear”).[1][2][3] The kuma changes to guma as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
Compare Chinese 北極熊 / 北极熊 (běijíxióng), Korean 북극곰 (Bukgeukgom), Vietnamese gấu Bắc Cực, all of which literally mean “arctic bear”.
Pronunciation
Noun
北極熊 or 北極熊 or 北極熊 • (Hokkyokuguma) ←ほくきよくぐま (fokukyokuguma) or ホクキヨクグマ (fokukyokuguma)?
Usage notes
As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ホッキョクグマ.
Synonyms
- 白熊 (shirokuma)
References
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN