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Not attested until the late 900s in reference to 十三湊(Tosa Minato, “Tosa Harbor”), a natural harbor on the western shore of what is now Aomori Prefecture. This harbor is located in historically Ainu territory and became an important trading port in the 900s.
The use of the kanji characters 十(to, “ten”, from Old Japanese) and 三(sa, “three”, from Chinese; irregular pronunciation, truncation of san) is an example of ateji (当て字).
^ “よみがえる十三湊（とさみなと）遺跡”, in National Museum of Japanese History, (Can we date this quote?)
^ John Batchelor (1905) An Ainu-English-Japanese dictionary (including a grammar of the Ainu language), Tokyo, London: Methodist Publishing House; Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner Co.