參る

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See also: 参る

Japanese

Kanji in this term
參
Hyōgai
For pronunciation and definitions of 參る – see the following entry.
【参まいる】
(intransitive, humble) to go
(intransitive, humble) to come
(intransitive) to visit (typically a place of social or spiritual importance, such as a noble's house or a shrine)
to be overcome, to cede to a superior person or superior circumstances (by extension from the older "go to a superior" sense)
(intransitive) to lose to an opponent
(intransitive) to be bothered, overwhelmed, done in by circumstances
(intransitive) to die
(intransitive) to fall for someone romantically
(transitive, humble, archaic) to go to (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
(transitive, humble, archaic) to serve someone in some capacity, to do something for someone
(transitive, humble, archaic) a 脇付 (wakizuke, “respectful title written after an addressee's name”) on the side of a formal letter
(This term, 參る, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Old Japanese

Etymology 1

Possibly from a maw- stem cognate with 申す (mawosu, “to say, be called”).

Verb

參る (mawiru) (kana まゐる)

  1. (humble, formal) to call on, visit
    • c. 753, Bussokuseki no Uta (Yakushi-ji Buddha Footprint Poems), poem 8
      己乃美阿止乎多豆禰毛止米弖与伎比止乃伊麻須久爾爾波和禮毛麻胃弖牟毛呂毛呂乎爲弖
      ko2no2 mi1-ato2 wo tadunemoto2me2te yo2ki1 pi1to2 no2 imasu kuni ni pa ware mo mawitemu moro2moro2 wo wite
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 18, poem 4116:
      , text here
      ...彌夜故敞爾末為之和我世乎安良多末乃等之由吉我弊理...
      ...mi1yako1pe1 ni mawisi waga se wo aratama no2 to2si yuki1gape1ri...
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4393:
      , text here
      於保伎美能美許等爾作例波知知波波乎以波比弊等於枳弖麻爲弖枳爾之乎
      opoki1mi1 no2 mi1-ko2to2 ni sareba titipapa wo ipapi1be1 to2 oki1te mawite ki1nisi wo
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
Conjugation
Classical conjugation of "參る" (ワ行上一段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 參 まゐ mawi
Continuative (連用形) 參 まゐ mawi
Terminal (終止形) 參る まゐる mawiru
Attributive (連体形) 參る まゐる mawiru
Realis (已然形) 參れ まゐれ mawire
Imperative (命令形) 參よ まゐよ mawiyo
Key constructions
Negative 參ず まゐず mawizu
Contrasting conjunction 參れど まゐれど mawiredo
Causal conjunction 參れば まゐれば mawireba
Conditional conjunction 參ば まゐば mawiba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 參き まゐき mawiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 參けり まゐけり mawikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 參つ まゐつ mawitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 參ぬ まゐぬ mawinu
Perfect-continuative tense 參たり まゐたり mawitari
Volitional 參む まゐむ mawimu
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Compound of 參 (mawi, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of 上一段活用 (kami ichidan katsuyō, “upper monograde conjugation”) verb 參る (mawiru), “to call on”, see above) +‎ 入る (iru, “to enter”), the second i removed due to absence of vowel clusters.

Verb

參る (mawiru) (kana まゐる)

  1. (humble) to go, enter, visit especially a court
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 2, poem 186:
      , text here
      一日者千遍參入之東乃大寸御門乎入不勝鴨
      pi1to2pi1 ni pa titabi1 mawirisi *pi1mukasi no2 opoki1 mi1kado1 wo irikatenu ka mo
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
Conjugation
Classical conjugation of "參る" (ラ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 參ら まゐら mawira
Continuative (連用形) 參り まゐり mawiri
Terminal (終止形) 參る まゐる mawiru
Attributive (連体形) 參る まゐる mawiru
Realis (已然形) 參れ まゐれ mawire
Imperative (命令形) 參れ まゐれ mawire
Key constructions
Negative 參らず まゐらず mawirazu
Contrasting conjunction 參れど まゐれど mawiredo
Causal conjunction 參れば まゐれば mawireba
Conditional conjunction 參らば まゐらば mawiraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 參りき まゐりき mawiriki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 參りけり まゐりけり mawirikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 參りつ まゐりつ mawiritu
Perfect tense (natural event) 參りぬ まゐりぬ mawirinu
Perfect-continuative tense 參れり
參りたり		 まゐれり
まゐりたり		 mawireri
mawiritari
Volitional 參らむ まゐらむ mawiramu
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Japanese: 参る (mairu)
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