及

及 U+2F836, 及 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F836 ← 灰 CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 叟 →

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order

Han character

及 (Kangxi radical 29, 又+2 in traditional Chinese and Korean, 又+1 in mainland China and Japanese, 4 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 3 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 弓竹水 (NHE), four-corner 1724₇, composition ⿻⿹𠄎丿乀(GHJV or U+2F836) or ⿸⿱㇇丿又(TK))

Derived characters

• 伋, 吸, 圾, 㚫, 𭕅, 岋, 㠷, 𢎽, 彶, 忣, 扱, 汲, 𤜯, 𨸚, 𠀨, 昅, 䏜, 极, 𤆣, 𪻏, 𥘜, 﨤, 𥄫, 砐, 𥝥, 衱, 級(级), 𦐏, 䑥, 𫊩, 觙, 訯, 𧲫, 𧹜, 趿, 𨋃, 鈒(钑), 靸, 𩎕, 𩖪, 馺, 𩨞, 魥(𩽹), 𩾶, 䶋, 𠚵, 䲯, 𫲼, 岌, 㧀, 芨, 㽺, 笈, 𦐅, 𨳛, 雭, 𥻾, 㤂

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 165, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3118
• Dae Jaweon: page 374, character 17
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 35, character 1
• Unihan data for U+53CA

• Unihan data for U+2F836

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 及
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 人 (“person”) + 又 (“hand”) – a hand grabbing a person.

Etymology

Possibly connected to Burmese ကပ် (kap, “to arrive at”) or Jingpho khap (“to carry, to reach”) (Starostin and Peiros, 1996) or less likely to Tibetan འགྲུབ་པ ('grub pa) ~ འགྲུབ ('grub, “to make ready”), སྒྲུབ་པ (sgrub pa) ~ བསྒྲུབ (bsgrub, “to complete, achieve”), གྲུབ་པ (grub pa, “complete”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Possibly departing tone derivations are 暨 (jì, “to attain, to reach”), 迄 (qì, “to reach to”), and 既 (jì, “already”) (Yu, 1948, Baxter, 1992). However, see those entries for more.

Pronunciation

Definitions

及

1. to reach; to extend to; to reach the level of

   觸手可及／触手可及  ―  chùshǒukějí  ―  at one's fingertips; within reach (literally, "can be reached by the touch of hand")

   及格  ―  jígé  ―  to pass (i.e., to reach the grade for passing)

2. to catch up; to be in time

   來得及／来得及  ―  láidéjí  ―  to be or to do something in time

   及時／及时  ―  jíshí  ―  prompt; timely

   後悔莫及／后悔莫及  ―  hòuhuǐmòjí  ―  to be too late to regret

3. to be equal; to be comparable; to match

   愚不可及  ―  yúbùkějí  ―  foolish beyond reach; unmatched foolishness

   • 2022, 陳琰冰 [Yanbing Chen] (lyrics and music), “榮耀至高神 [Glory in the Highest]”‎performed by 讚美之泉 [Stream of Praise Music]:

     榮耀得勝大君王　祢榮美無人能及 [MSC, trad.]
     荣耀得胜大君王　祢荣美无人能及 [MSC, simp.]

     róngyào déshèng Dà Jūnwáng, Nǐ róngměi wúrén néng jí

     King of glory, king of pow'r, above all, You're beautiful.
     Great King of glory and victory, Your beauty, no one can match

4. and; as well as

   以及  ―  yǐjí  ―  as well as

   • 夏，五月，宋人及楚人平。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: Commentary of Gongyang, c. 206 BCE– 9 CE

     Xià, Wǔyuè, sòngrén jí chǔrén píng.

     Summer, the fifth month, the generals of Song and Chu agreed to peace.

5. a surname

Synonyms

Compounds

Descendants

References

• “及”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Shinjitai	及
Kyūjitai	及󠄁 及+󠄁? (Adobe-Japan1)
	及󠄃 及+󠄃? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. and
2. reach out
3. exert
4. exercise
5. cause

Readings

• Go-on: ごう (gō)^{←ごふ (gofu, historical)}
• Kan-on: きゅう (kyū, Jōyō)^{←きふ (kifu, historical)}
• Kun: および (oyobi, 及び, Jōyō); およぶ (oyobu, 及ぶ, Jōyō); およぼす (oyobosu, 及ぼす, Jōyō)
• Nanori: いたる (itaru); おい (oi); しき (shiki); たか (taka); ちか (chika)

References

Korean

Hanja

及 (eumhun 미칠 급 (michil geup))

1. Hanja form^? of 급 (“extend”).
2. Hanja form^? of 급 (“reach”).
3. Hanja form^? of 급 (“come up to”).

Vietnamese

Han character

及: Hán Nôm readings: cập

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