同

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See also: 仝, 衕, 何, 向, 回, 伺, and 々
同 U+540C, 同
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-540C
← 吋
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 名 →

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

Stroke order
6 strokes

同 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 月一口 (BMR), four-corner 77220, composition ⿵冂𠮛)

Derived characters

Descendants

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 175, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3294
  • Dae Jaweon: page 389, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 578, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+540C

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 同
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (同) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
鮦 *duʔ, *doːŋ, *doŋʔ
侗 *tʰoːŋ, *tʰoːŋʔ, *doːŋ
恫 *tʰoːŋ, *doːŋs
痌 *tʰoːŋ
同 *doːŋ
仝 *zlon, *doːŋ
銅 *doːŋ
桐 *doːŋ
峒 *doːŋ, *doːŋs
硐 *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ
筒 *doːŋ, *doːŋs
洞 *doːŋ, *doːŋs
烔 *doːŋ
挏 *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ
酮 *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ
鲖
眮 *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ, *doːŋs
衕 *doːŋ, *doːŋs
哃 *doːŋ
絧 *doːŋ, *doːŋs
姛 *doːŋʔ
詷 *doːŋʔ, *doːŋs
胴 *doːŋs
駧 *doːŋs
迵 *doːŋs
戙 *doːŋs

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : A heavy dish (or, according to other interpretations, a bucket, pole or stretcher) 凡 that requires several people to lift and a mouth 口 commanding orders – cooperation; togetherness.

If the character represents a bucket, part of its original meaning is preserved in 筒 (OC *doːŋ, *doːŋs, “bucket”).

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.
 同
alternative forms 仝
冈
詷／𫍣
𧇌

Perhaps related to Tibetan སྡོང་བ (sdong ba, “to unite; to join”), Mizo intawng (inᴸ-tɔŋᴴ, “to meet together; to tally; to agree”), Mizo intawn (inᴸ-tɔnF, “to meet together; to tally; to agree”). Unrelated to 叢 (OC *zloːŋ, “to collect; thicket”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • tâng - vernacular;
  • tông - literary.
Note:
  • dang5 - vernacular;
  • tong5 - literary.
Rime
Character 同
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 東 (1)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 徒紅切
Baxter duwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/duŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/duŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/duŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/dəwŋ/
Li
Rong 		/duŋ/
Wang
Li 		/duŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/dʱuŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		tóng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		tung4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 同
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		tóng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ duwng ›
Old
Chinese 		/*lˁoŋ/
English together, join

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 同
Reading # 1/1
No. 12446
Phonetic
component 		同
Rime
group 		東
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		同
Old
Chinese 		/*doːŋ/
Notes 甲金文象有節筒管與口協合，
如此方能音律諧和，
爲筒（簫）初文

Definitions

同

  1. same; identical
    同類／同类  ―  tónglèi  ―  people or things of the same kind
    同一個世界，同一個夢想。 [MSC, trad.]
    同一个世界，同一个梦想。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tóng yīge shìjiè, tóng yīge mèngxiǎng.
    One World, One Dream. (literally "The Same World, The Same Dream")
    同幾首歌／同几首歌 [Cantonese]  ―  tung4 gei2 sau2 go1   ―  the same old songs
  2. to be the same as
    同上  ―  tóngshàng  ―  to be the same as above (aforementioned)
  3. together; with each other
    有福同享，有難同當 [MSC, trad.]
    有福同享，有难同当 [MSC, simp.]
    yǒu fú tóng xiǎng, yǒu nàn tóng dāng
    to share joy together and bear hardship together
  4. with (indicating accompaniment or relationship)
    Synonym: 跟 (gēn)
    我同你去  ―  wǒ tóng nǐ qù  ―  I am going with you.
    他同這件事無關。 [MSC, trad.]
    他同这件事无关。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā tóng zhè jiàn shì wúguān.
    He has nothing to do with this.
  5. (introducing the recipient of an action) with
    Synonym: 跟 (gēn)
    有件事情我想同你商量一下。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    Yǒu jiàn shìqíng wǒ xiǎng tóng nǐ shāngliàng yīxià.
    This is something that I want to discuss with you.
    我先唔同佢哋買呀。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    我先唔同佢哋买呀。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ngo5 sin1 m4 tung4 keoi5 dei6 maai5 aa3.
    I will definitely not buy from them.
  6. used to show comparison
    今年的氣候同往年不一樣。 [MSC, trad.]
    今年的气候同往年不一样。 [MSC, simp.]
    Jīnnián de qìhòu tóng wǎngnián bù yīyàng.
    The climate this year is different from which of the past.
  7. and
    我買咗一包米同一罐汽水。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    我买咗一包米同一罐汽水。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ngo5 maai5 zo2 jat1 baau1 mai5 tung4 jat1 gun3 hei3 seoi2.
    I bought a pack of rice and a can of soft drink.
    巴西同阿根廷都係南美洲國家。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    巴西同阿根廷都系南美洲国家。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    baa1 sai1 tung4 aa3 gan1 ting4 dou1 hai6 naam4 mei5 zau1 gwok3 gaa1.
    Brazil and Argentina are both South American countries.
  8. (dialectal, including Cantonese) for
    同我攞杯水，唔該。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    同我𫽋杯水，唔该。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    tung4 ngo5 lo2 bui1 seoi2, m4 goi1.
    Please get me a cup of water.
  9. (Cantonese) Used in the form of 同我 in imperative sentences for emphasis.
    你同我收聲！ [Cantonese, trad.]
    你同我收声！ [Cantonese, simp.]
    nei5 tung4 ngo5 sau1 seng1!
    Shut the heck up!
  10. a surname
Synonyms
  • (and):
Dialectal synonyms of 和 (“and”)
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 與, 及
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 和, 與, 及, 與及 Cantonese
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 跟, 和
Taiwan 跟, 和
Malaysia 和, 跟
Singapore 和, 跟
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 和, 跟, 給
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 和
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 和
Wanrong (Ronghe) 連
Xi'an 跟, 連
Xining 帶, 和
Xuzhou 給
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 帶
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 連
Lanzhou 跟, 和
Ürümqi 跟, 連, 和
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 跟, 給, 和
Wuhan 跟
Guiyang 跟, 同, 和
Guilin 跟, 和
Liuzhou 跟, 同, 和
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 告, 跟
Yangzhou 跟, 交
Hefei 跟
Cantonese Guangzhou 同, 同埋
Hong Kong 同, 同埋
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 同
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 同
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 同
Macau 同, 同埋
Taishan 同埋
Kaiping (Chikan) 同, 同埋
Dongguan 同, 同埋
Yangjiang 鄧, 同
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 同
Penang (Guangfu) 同
Singapore (Guangfu) 同
Gan Nanchang 跟, 同
Lichuan 和
Pingxiang 同, 跟
Hakka Meixian 同, 摎
Yudu 澗
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 摎
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 同
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 摎
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 同
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 摎
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 和
Hong Kong 摎
Kuching (Hepo) 佮
Huizhou Jixi 搭
Jin Taiyuan 和, 跟
Xinzhou 給
Northern Min Jian'ou 邀
Jian'ou (Dikou) 邀, 儉, 教
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 邀
Pucheng (Shibei) 邀, 跟
Eastern Min Fuzhou 共
Fuzhou (Changle) 共
Fuqing 共
Yongtai 共
Gutian 共
Fu'an 共
Ningde 共
Shouning 隨
Zhouning 傮, 共
Fuding 跟
Southern Min Xiamen 佮, 交
Xiamen (Tong'an) 佮
Quanzhou 佮, 交
Zhangzhou 佮
Tainan 佮
Hsinchu 交
Penang (Hokkien) 佮
Singapore (Hokkien) 佮
Manila (Hokkien) 佮, 交
Chaozhou 佮, 共
Shantou 佮
Jieyang 佮
Singapore (Teochew) 佮
Pontianak (Teochew) 佮
Leizhou 共
Wenchang 共
Haikou 共
Qionghai 共
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 同, 同埋
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 跟, 邀
Wu Shanghai 脫, 脫仔, 得, 得仔, 搭, 搭仔, 交, 幫, 同, 跟
Shanghai (Songjiang) 搭
Shanghai (Chongming) 脫
Suzhou 搭, 搭仔
Danyang 同, 跟
Hangzhou 同
Ningbo 搭, 搭仔
Wenzhou 伉
Jinhua 亨, 跟
Xiang Changsha 跟
Loudi 跟
Shuangfeng 跟, 同
  • (for):
Dialectal synonyms of 替 (“for”)
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 替, 為
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 給, 替
Taiwan 給, 替
Singapore 替
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 給, 替
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 替, 給
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 幫, 給, 跟
Wuhan 跟, 幫
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 代, 替
Hefei 代, 幫
Cantonese Guangzhou 同, 幫
Hong Kong 同, 幫
Yangjiang 替, 幐
Gan Nanchang 跟, 幫
Hakka Meixian 同, 代
Jin Taiyuan 替, 給
Northern Min Jian'ou 替, 幫
Eastern Min Fuzhou 替, 共
Southern Min Xiamen 替, 共
Quanzhou 共
Zhangzhou 共
Tainan 替, 共
Singapore (Hokkien) 替, 共
Chaozhou 代, 個
Jieyang 個
Wu Shanghai 幫, 搭
Suzhou 替, 搭
Wenzhou 代
Xiang Changsha 幫, 跟, 代
Shuangfeng 幫
  • (used in imperative sentences for emphasis):
Dialectal synonyms of 給 (“(used in imperative sentences for emphasis)”)
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 給
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 給
Taiwan 給
Cantonese Hong Kong 同
Southern Min Tainan 共
Jieyang 個
Wu Shanghai 幫, 交

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (同):
  • → Japanese: 同(どう) (dō)
  • → Korean: 동(同) (dong)
  • → Vietnamese: đồng (同)

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 同 – see 衕 (“passageway; lane; alley; diarrhoea”).
(This character is the simplified and variant traditional form of 衕).
Notes:

References

Japanese

Kanji

同

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Kanji in this term
同
どう
Grade: 2
kan'yōon

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 同 (duŋ, “same”).

Pronunciation

Prefix

同(どう) • (dō-) 

  1. same

Descendants

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 同 (MC duwng).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

同 (eumhun 한가지 동 (han'gaji dong))

  1. hanja form? of 동 (“same; identical”)

Compounds

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

同: Hán Việt readings: đồng (德(đức)紅(hồng)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5][6]
同: Nôm readings: đồng[1][2][3], đùng[1][3][7], đòng[1], đang[3], rùng[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of đồng (“co-, homo-”).

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Trần (2004).
  4. ^ Trần (1999).
  5. ^ Nguyễn (1974).
  6. ^ Thiều Chửu (1942).
  7. ^ Hồ (1976).
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