吐蕃
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Chinese
| phonetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (吐蕃) | 吐 | 蕃 | |
| simp. #(吐蕃) | 吐 | 蕃 | |
| alternative forms | 土蕃 | ||
Etymology
An exonym for Tibet that appeared in the Tang dynasty. Some scholars argue the second syllable, 蕃, was originally read with the -n coda in Middle Chinese (i.e. pʉɐn or bʉɐn, the former of which regularly gives rise to modern Mandarin fān). They argue that the modern Tǔbō reading is recent, possibly originating from French sinologist Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat’s (1788-1832) argument that the second syllable should be pronounced this way to match Tibetan བོད (bod, “Tibet”) (Pelliot, 1915). Rhymes in poetry from Tang and Yuan dynasties also suggest that the second syllable 蕃 was read with the -n coda during those times (Yao, 2014).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˇ ㄅㄛ
- Tongyong Pinyin: Tǔbo
- Wade–Giles: Tʻu3-po1
- Yale: Tǔ-bwō
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Tuubo
- Palladius: Тубо (Tubo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ pu̯ɔ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan, variant in Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˇ ㄈㄢ
- Tongyong Pinyin: Tǔfan
- Wade–Giles: Tʻu3-fan1
- Yale: Tǔ-fān
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Tuufan
- Palladius: Туфань (Tufanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ fän⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: tou3 bo3
- Yale: tou bo
- Cantonese Pinyin: tou3 bo3
- Guangdong Romanization: tou3 bo3
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰou̯³³ pɔː³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Middle Chinese: thuX pjon
Proper noun
吐蕃
Synonyms
See also
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 吐 | 蕃 |
| と Grade: S |
ばん Jinmeiyō |
| on'yomi | |
Proper noun
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 吐 | 蕃 |
Proper noun
Vietnamese
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 吐 | 蕃 |
Proper noun
吐蕃