吐魯番
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See also: 吐鲁番
Chinese
| phonetic | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (吐魯番) | 吐 | 魯 | 番 | |
| simp. (吐鲁番) | 吐 | 鲁 | 番 | |
Etymology
(Can this(+) etymology be sourced?) Borrowed from Chagatai طُرفان (ṭurfān), تورفان (tūrfān). Compare contemporary Uyghur تۇرپان (turpan).
The first found attestation of the place name is Khotanese (tturpanä), in the Dunhuang manuscript 使河西記 (Li, 2015).
The first attested Chinese transcription of the place name is 禿爾班／秃尔班, found in volume four of 通制條格 from the Yuan dynasty. Later Chinese transcriptions include 土爾番／土尔番, in 西域番國志 , 土魯蕃／土鲁蕃, 土魯番／土鲁番, 吐魯番／吐鲁番 (Tǔlǔfān) and 吐爾番／吐尔番. In particular, 吐魯番／吐鲁番 (Tǔlǔfān) is attested since the Ming dynasty.
Unlikely to be related to 吐蕃 (Tǔbō, “Tibet”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˇ ㄌㄨˇ ㄈㄢ
- Tongyong Pinyin: Tǔlǔfan
- Wade–Giles: Tʻu3-lu3-fan1
- Yale: Tǔ-lǔ-fān
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Tuuluufan
- Palladius: Тулуфань (Tulufanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ fän⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: tou3 lou5 faan1
- Yale: tou lóuh fāan
- Cantonese Pinyin: tou3 lou5 faan1
- Guangdong Romanization: tou3 lou5 fan1
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰou̯³³ lou̯¹³ faːn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
Proper noun
吐魯番
Descendants
- → English: Tulufan, T'u-lu-fan