向かい合う

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
向 合
む
Grade: 3 		あ
Grade: 2
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
向い合う

Etymology

Compound of 向(む)かい (mukai, 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 向(む)かう (mukau).) + 合(あ)う (au, “combine”).

Pronunciation

Verb

向(む)かい合(あ)う • (mukaiau) ←むかひあふ (mukafiafu)?intransitive godan (stem 向(む)かい合(あ)い (mukaiai), past 向(む)かい合(あ)った (mukaiatta))

  1. to be opposite; to face one another; to confront
    ゴールは町(まち)のはずれに向(む)かい合(あ)うように置(お)かれていたのです。
    Gōru wa machi no hazure ni mukaiau yō ni okareteita no desu.
    The goals were placed at the opposite ends of the town.
    二人(ふたり)の男(おとこ)が向(む)かい合(あ)った。
    Futari no otoko ga mukaiatta.
    The two men faced each other.
    その警察官(けいさつかん)は怒(おこ)っている群集(ぐんしゅう)と向(む)かい合(あ)った。
    Sono keisatsukan wa okotteiru gunshū to mukaiatta.
    That policeman was confronted by the angry mob.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "向かい合う" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 向かい合わ むかいあわ mukaiawa
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 向かい合い むかいあい mukaiai
Shūshikei ("terminal") 向かい合う むかいあう mukaiau
Rentaikei ("attributive") 向かい合う むかいあう mukaiau
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 向かい合え むかいあえ mukaiae
Meireikei ("imperative") 向かい合え むかいあえ mukaiae
Key constructions
Passive 向かい合われる むかいあわれる mukaiawareru
Causative 向かい合わせる
向かい合わす 		むかいあわせる
むかいあわす 		mukaiawaseru
mukaiawasu
Potential 向かい合える むかいあえる mukaiaeru
Volitional 向かい合おう むかいあおう mukaiaō
Negative 向かい合わない むかいあわない mukaiawanai
Negative continuative 向かい合わず むかいあわず mukaiawazu
Formal 向かい合います むかいあいます mukaiaimasu
Perfective 向かい合った むかいあった mukaiatta
Conjunctive 向かい合って むかいあって mukaiatte
Hypothetical conditional 向かい合えば むかいあえば mukaiaeba
Classical conjugation of "向かい合ふ" (ハ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 向かい合は むかいあは mukaiafa
Continuative (連用形) 向かい合ひ むかいあひ mukaiafi
Terminal (終止形) 向かい合ふ むかいあふ mukaiafu
Attributive (連体形) 向かい合ふ むかいあふ mukaiafu
Realis (已然形) 向かい合へ むかいあへ mukaiafe
Imperative (命令形) 向かい合へ むかいあへ mukaiafe
Key constructions
Negative 向かい合はず むかいあはず mukaiafazu
Contrasting conjunction 向かい合へど むかいあへど mukaiafedo
Causal conjunction 向かい合へば むかいあへば mukaiafeba
Conditional conjunction 向かい合はば むかいあはば mukaiafaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 向かい合ひき むかいあひき mukaiafiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 向かい合ひけり むかいあひけり mukaiafikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 向かい合ひつ むかいあひつ mukaiafitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 向かい合ひぬ むかいあひぬ mukaiafinu
Perfect-continuative tense 向かい合へり
向かい合ひたり		 むかいあへり
むかいあひたり		 mukaiaferi
mukaiafitari
Volitional 向かい合はむ むかいあはむ mukaiafamu

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  3. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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