向上
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Chinese
direction; part; side direction; part; side; towards; to; guide; opposite to |
up; on; on top up; on; on top; upon; first; previous or last; upper; higher; above; previous; to climb; to go into; to go up | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (向上) |
向 | 上 | |
Pronunciation
Verb
向上
Synonyms
Adverb
向上
Derived terms
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 向 | 上 |
| こう Grade: 3 |
じょう Grade: 1 |
| on’yomi | |
Noun
Verb
向上する • (kōjō suru) suru (stem 向上し (kōjō shi), past 向上した (kōjō shita))
Conjugation
Conjugation of "向上する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 向上し | こうじょうし | kōjō shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 向上し | こうじょうし | kōjō shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 向上する | こうじょうする | kōjō suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 向上する | こうじょうする | kōjō suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 向上すれ | こうじょうすれ | kōjō sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 向上せよ¹ 向上しろ² |
こうじょうせよ¹ こうじょうしろ² |
kōjō seyo¹ kōjō shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 向上される | こうじょうされる | kōjō sareru | |
| Causative | 向上させる 向上さす |
こうじょうさせる こうじょうさす |
kōjō saseru kōjō sasu | |
| Potential | 向上できる | こうじょうできる | kōjō dekiru | |
| Volitional | 向上しよう | こうじょうしよう | kōjō shiyō | |
| Negative | 向上しない | こうじょうしない | kōjō shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 向上せず | こうじょうせず | kōjō sezu | |
| Formal | 向上します | こうじょうします | kōjō shimasu | |
| Perfective | 向上した | こうじょうした | kōjō shita | |
| Conjunctive | 向上して | こうじょうして | kōjō shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 向上すれば | こうじょうすれば | kōjō sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||