含

Translingual

Han character

含 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人戈弓口 (OINR), four-corner 8060₂, composition ⿱今口)

Derived characters

• 唅, 浛, 娢, 㟏, 㤷, 𡌢, 𤞻, 晗, 焓, 琀, 梒, 𦛜, 𦎌, 𥆡, 蛿, 𤚥, 谽, 誝, 䣻, 𧳘, 鋡, 馠, 㓧, 㼨, 䎏, 頷 (颔), 𮜹, 𩩊, 莟, 㟔, 筨, 𡪁

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 178, character 14
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3350
• Dae Jaweon: page 395, character 19
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 592, character 1
• Unihan data for U+542B

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 含
Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯːm) : phonetic 今 (OC *krɯm) + semantic 口 (“mouth”).

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gam (“to put into mouth; to seize with mouth”) (STEDT); cognate with Tibetan འགམ་པ ('gam pa, “to put into the mouth”), Proto-Tani *g(j)am (“bite”).

Within Chinese, cognate with 函 (OC *ɡuːm, *ɡruːm, “to contain; box; letter”) (Schuessler, 2007). 銜 (OC *ɡraːm, “to carry in the mouth; horse's bit”) is probably related. Bodman (1980) considers 頷 (OC *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ) to be the endoactive of 含 (OC *ɡɯːm, “to hold in the mouth”), literally “the thing that holds something in the mouth”.

Pronunciation

Definitions

含

1. to hold or keep in the mouth

   含住支煙／含住支烟 [Cantonese]  ―  ham⁴ zyu⁶ zi¹ jin¹   ―  to hold a cigarette in the mouth

   • 含住個雞包仔　望住四寶雞扎 [Cantonese, trad.]
     含住个鸡包仔　望住四宝鸡扎 [Cantonese, simp.]

     From: 李晉緯 (Lee Chun-wai), lyrics by 謝立文 (Brian Tse), 麥兜與雞

     ham⁴ zyu⁶ go³ gai¹ baau¹ zai², mong⁶ zyu⁶ sei³ bou² gai¹ zaat³

     holding a small chicken bun in the mouth, looking at the four-treasure chicken roll

2. to contain inside; to comprise; to include

   含鉛油漆／含铅油漆  ―  hánqiān yóuqī  ―  lead paint

   眼裡含著淚／眼里含着泪  ―  yǎnlǐ hánzhe lèi  ―  tears in the eyes

   痰含血 [Hokkien]  ―  thâm kâⁿ hoeh [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  blood in phlegm

3. (literary, or in compounds) to bear; to endure
4. to harbor (emotion); to nurse; to endure; to hold back

   含恨  ―  hánhèn  ―  to nurse hatred

5. (Hong Kong Cantonese, euphemistic) Short for 含撚. (all senses)

   今鋪真係含喇！ [Cantonese, trad.]
   今铺真系含喇！ [Cantonese, simp.]

   gam¹ pou¹ zan¹ hai⁶ ham⁴ laa³!

   We are really screwed this time

6. a surname: Han

Synonyms

• (to hold in the mouth): 銜／衔 (xián)
• (to bear):

• (to include):

• (to harbor): 懷有／怀有 (huáiyǒu)

Compounds

Etymology 2

Exoactive or causative of etymology 1 (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with 憾 (OC *ɡɯːms, “to resent”).

Pronunciation

Definitions

含

1. ^† Original form of 琀 (hán, “gems and pearls stuffed into a corpse's mouth”).
2. ^† to put gems and pearls into a corpse's mouth

Etymology 3

Ultimately from Hebrew חָם.

Pronunciation

Definitions

含

1. (biblical) Ham

   閃含語系／闪含语系  ―  Shǎn-Hán yǔxì  ―  Semito-Hamitic language family

Compounds

References

• “含”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. include, contain

Readings

• Go-on: ごん (gon)
• Kan-on: かん (kan)
• Kan’yō-on: がん (gan, Jōyō)
• Kun: ふくむ (fukumu, 含む, Jōyō); ふくめる (fukumeru, 含める, Jōyō)

Korean

Hanja

含 (eumhun 머금을 함 (meogeumeul ham))

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Vietnamese

Han character

含: Hán Nôm readings: hàm

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.