吸う

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
吸
す
Grade: 6
kun’yomi

Etymology

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *supu. Cognate with Okinawan 吸ぷゆん (shipuyun).

Likely an onomatopoeia. Compare Middle Korean ᄲᆞᆯ〮다〮 (spóltá, “to suck”), Middle Chinese 吸 (MC xip, “to suck”), Proto-Austronesian *-sep (“to suck”), Proto-Indo-European *sewg- (“to suck”), etc.

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "吸う"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形) 		吸う すう
Imperative (命令形) 吸え すえ
Key constructions
Passive 吸われる すわれる
Causative 吸わせる すわせる
Potential 吸える すえる
Volitional 吸おう すお​ー
Negative 吸わない すわない
Negative perfective 吸わなかった すわな​かった
Formal 吸います すいま​す
Perfective 吸った すった
Conjunctive 吸って すって
Hypothetical conditional 吸えば すえ​ば

Verb

吸(す)う • (suu) ←すふ (sufu)?transitive godan (stem 吸(す)い (sui), past 吸(す)った (sutta))

  1. to inhale
  2. to smoke (tobacco or other drugs)
    タバコを吸(す)ってもいいですか。
    Tabako o sutte mo ii desu ka.
    Is it okay to smoke?
  3. to suck
  4. to absorb

Conjugation

Conjugation of "吸う" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 吸わ すわ suwa
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 吸い すい sui
Shūshikei ("terminal") 吸う すう suu
Rentaikei ("attributive") 吸う すう suu
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 吸え すえ sue
Meireikei ("imperative") 吸え すえ sue
Key constructions
Passive 吸われる すわれる suwareru
Causative 吸わせる
吸わす 		すわせる
すわす 		suwaseru
suwasu
Potential 吸える すえる sueru
Volitional 吸おう すおう suō
Negative 吸わない すわない suwanai
Negative continuative 吸わず すわず suwazu
Formal 吸います すいます suimasu
Perfective 吸った すった sutta
Conjunctive 吸って すって sutte
Hypothetical conditional 吸えば すえば sueba
Classical conjugation of "吸ふ" (ハ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 吸は すは sufa
Continuative (連用形) 吸ひ すひ sufi
Terminal (終止形) 吸ふ すふ sufu
Attributive (連体形) 吸ふ すふ sufu
Realis (已然形) 吸へ すへ sufe
Imperative (命令形) 吸へ すへ sufe
Key constructions
Negative 吸はず すはず sufazu
Contrasting conjunction 吸へど すへど sufedo
Causal conjunction 吸へば すへば sufeba
Conditional conjunction 吸はば すはば sufaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 吸ひき すひき sufiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 吸ひけり すひけり sufikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 吸ひつ すひつ sufitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 吸ひぬ すひぬ sufinu
Perfect-continuative tense 吸へり
吸ひたり		 すへり
すひたり		 suferi
sufitari
Volitional 吸はむ すはむ sufamu

References

  1. ^ “吸”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. ^ Vovin, Alexander (2010) Koreo-Japonica: A Re-Evaluation of a Common Genetic Origin‎, University of Hawai’i Press, →ISBN, →JSTOR, page 179
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
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