咋

Translingual

Han character

咋 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 口人尸 (ROS) or 口竹尸 (RHS), four-corner 6801₁, composition ⿰口乍)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 184, character 16
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3488
• Dae Jaweon: page 404, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 601, character 9
• Unihan data for U+548B

Chinese

Glyph origin

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Definitions

咋

1. (colloquial, dialectal) how

Synonyms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Definitions

咋

1. (obsolete) to be loud; to shout; to cry

   • 蓋越人美蠃蚌而簡太牢，鄙夫樂咋唶而怪《韶》《濩》。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     盖越人美蠃蚌而简太牢，鄙夫乐咋唶而怪《韶》《濩》。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: p. 73 BCE, Huan Kuan (桓寬) (editor). Discourses on Salt and Iron (《鹽鐵論》)

     Gài Yuèrén měi luóbàng ér jiǎn tàiláo, bǐfū lè zéjiè ér guài “Sháo” “Huò”.

     (One is reminded that) the Yue, being fond of snails and clams, deem the prime beef from sacrificial cattle inferior, and that the uncultivated barbarians, loving to howl and sigh loudly, take a dim view of the elegance in the Shao and Huo.

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Definitions

咋

1. (obsolete) to bite

   • 猶是觀之，譬由鼱鼩之襲狗，孤豚之咋虎，至則靡耳，何功之有？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     犹是观之，譬由鼱鼩之袭狗，孤豚之咋虎，至则靡耳，何功之有？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: c. 2nd century BCE, Dongfang Shuo (東方朔), Replies to a Guest's Objections (《答客難》). English text based on the free-verse translation by Dominik Declercq.

     Yóu shì guān zhī, pì yóu jīngqú zhī xí gǒu, gūtún zhī zé hǔ, zhì zé mí ěr, hé gōng zhī yǒu?

     Looking at it from this point of view, I should compare you to
     A shrew attacking a dog,
     A lone piglet snapping at a tiger,
     Striking, only to be crushed themselves:
     What merit is to be gained from that?

   咋舌  ―  zéshé  ―  to be speechless

2. Used in 㕭咋.

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

Definitions

咋

1. (obsolete, ideophonic, of speech) suddenly; in an outburst

   • 桓子咋謂林楚曰：「而先皆季氏之良也，爾以是繼之？」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     桓子咋谓林楚曰：「而先皆季氏之良也，尔以是继之？」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE

     Huánzǐ zhà wèi Lín Chǔ yuē: “Ér xiān jiē Jìshì zhī liáng yě, ěr yǐ shì jì zhī?”

     Lord Huan (of Ji), in a sudden, burst out to Lin Chu: "Your forebears have always served the Ji loyally. Is this how you carry on their tradition?"

2. Alternative form of 炸 (“to burst; to explode; to infuriate”)

Etymology 5

Pronunciation

Definitions

咋

1. Alternative form of 乍 (zhà, “suddenly”)

Etymology 6

Pronunciation

Definitions

咋

1. Only used in 咋呼 (zhàhu).

Etymology 7

Pronunciation 1

Definitions

咋

1. (Cantonese) Contraction of 啫呀 (ze1 aa3).

   仲有三個咋。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   仲有三个咋。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   zung⁶ jau⁵ saam¹ go³ zaa³.

   There are only three left.

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

咋

1. Sentence-final particle expressing surprise and suspicion.

   仲有三個咋？ [Cantonese, trad.]
   仲有三个咋？ [Cantonese, simp.]

   zung⁶ jau⁵ saam¹ go³ zaa⁴?

   Are there only three left?

Usage notes

The tone of the Cantonese sentence-final particles 呀 (aa3), 喇 (laa3), 㗎 (gaa3) and 咋 (zaa3) can be dropped to tone 4 to add disapproval, surprise and suspicion to the particle while also turning the statement into a question.

Compounds

References

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00560
• “咋”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

• Go-on: しゃ (sha); しゃく (shaku)
• Kan-on: さ (sa); さく (saku)
• Kun: かむ (kamu, 咋む); くう (kuu, 咋う)^{←くふ (kufu, 咋ふ, historical)}; くらう (kurau, 咋らう)^{←くらふ (kurafu, 咋らふ, historical)}

Compounds

• 大(おお)山(やま)咋(くいの)神(かみ) (Ōyamakui no Kami)
• 羽(は)咋(くい) (Hakui)
• 真魚(まな)咋(ぐい) (managui)

Korean

Hanja

咋 • (sa) (hangeul 사)

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Vietnamese

Han character

咋: Hán Nôm readings: chạ, chá, chách, cha

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation