商う

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
商
あきな
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

Etymology

From 秋(あき) (aki, “autumn”) + なう (-nau, verb-forming suffix[1][2]), because trade was done in the autumn after the harvest.[3][4]

Pronunciation

Verb

商(あきな)う • (akinau) ←あきなふ (akinafu)?transitive godan (stem 商(あきな)い (akinai), past 商(あきな)った (akinatta))

  1. to deal in; to buy and sell; to trade
    品(しな)物(もの)を商(あきな)う
    shinamono o akinau
    to trade in goods
    • 977–999, 宇津保物語:
      その物を貯へて市し商はばこそ賢からめ
      Having saved up these things, if you trade them in the city, you would be wise.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "商う" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 商わ あきなわ akinawa
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 商い あきない akinai
Shūshikei ("terminal") 商う あきなう akinau
Rentaikei ("attributive") 商う あきなう akinau
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 商え あきなえ akinae
Meireikei ("imperative") 商え あきなえ akinae
Key constructions
Passive 商われる あきなわれる akinawareru
Causative 商わせる
商わす 		あきなわせる
あきなわす 		akinawaseru
akinawasu
Potential 商える あきなえる akinaeru
Volitional 商おう あきなおう akinaō
Negative 商わない あきなわない akinawanai
Negative continuative 商わず あきなわず akinawazu
Formal 商います あきないます akinaimasu
Perfective 商った あきなった akinatta
Conjunctive 商って あきなって akinatte
Hypothetical conditional 商えば あきなえば akinaeba
Classical conjugation of "商ふ" (ハ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 商は あきなは akinafa
Continuative (連用形) 商ひ あきなひ akinafi
Terminal (終止形) 商ふ あきなふ akinafu
Attributive (連体形) 商ふ あきなふ akinafu
Realis (已然形) 商へ あきなへ akinafe
Imperative (命令形) 商へ あきなへ akinafe
Key constructions
Negative 商はず あきなはず akinafazu
Contrasting conjunction 商へど あきなへど akinafedo
Causal conjunction 商へば あきなへば akinafeba
Conditional conjunction 商はば あきなはば akinafaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 商ひき あきなひき akinafiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 商ひけり あきなひけり akinafikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 商ひつ あきなひつ akinafitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 商ひぬ あきなひぬ akinafinu
Perfect-continuative tense 商へり
商ひたり		 あきなへり
あきなひたり		 akinaferi
akinafitari
Volitional 商はむ あきなはむ akinafamu

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
  2. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. ^ https://gogen-yurai.jp/akinai/
  4. ^ “Archived copy”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎, 2023 May 18 (last accessed), archived from the original on 18 May 2023
  5. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  6. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  7. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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